The Archons serve as the highest power in each region. While they all have their own unique ways of governing, none can deny the impact they have on their respective regions. Each Archon represents an ideal that they embody, and it is with this ideal in mind that the regions they hold dominion over are what they are today. Originally victors from the Archon War, most of the seven have now been replaced.
Barbatos, their Archon form. CR: Genshin Impact miHoYo Co., Ltd
Originally a wind spirit, Barbatos was but one of many wind spirits known as the “Thousand Winds”. He participated in a rebellion against the ruler of Old Mondstadt, the God of Storms, Decarabian. When Decarabian died, this little wind spirit was chosen to become the new Anemo Archon (the only other candidate was Andrius, The Great Wolf of The North, but he relinquished his physical form as he did not see himself fit to rule humans). With power flowing at his fingertips, the first thing Barbatos did was assume the form of his first friend, a young bard whom he had lost during this great rebellion.
Currently, Barbatos goes by the alias Venti, and he poses as a wandering bard in Mondstadt. Excluding the Traveler, the only citizens who are aware of his real identity are the Acting Grand Master to the Knights of Favonius, Jean Guunhildr, and the owner of Dawn Winery, Diluc Ragnvindr.
The oldest among the seven, Morax is estimated to be around six-thousand years old. As the benevolent “Rex Lapis”, Morax assumed the form of a dragon and descended upon Liyue every year to impart commercial advice to the people. To the magical Adepti of Liyue, beings who are bound by oath to protect the land, Morax was known as the “Prime of The Adepti”. Originally a barbaric “warrior god”, it was his deceased friend Guizhong who paved the way for his transformation into the old, tame deity you will encounter today.
In the current age, Morax goes by the name of Zhongli. He works as a consultant at the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor, and likes to enjoy fine tea on nice afternoons. Given his thousands of years of knowledge, Zhongli often finds himself talking about traditions and bits of knowledge that should have been forgotten by the people many years ago. In the past, he was noted to have visited Liyue in human form, even as a woman.
Morax, their Archon form. CR: Genshin Impact miHoYo Co., Ltd.
Raiden Ei, their Archon form. CR: Genshin Impact miHoYo Co., Ltd.
Beelzebul’s situation is unique, she is not actually one of the original seven, that was her twin sister, Baal. However, she served as Baal’s “Kagemusha”, her shadow double, and mainly fought battles in place of her gentle sister. Beelzebul has been alive since The Seven were formed, but she didn’t take up the role of Archon in Inazuma until after her sister died in the Cataclysm.
Beelzebul more commonly goes by the name of “Ei” to those who know her, and “Baal” by the people. The people of Inazuma never realized that there were two twin gods ruling Inazuma, thus Makoto and Ei went by the same name, Baal. Her full name is “Raiden Ei”, while her sister’s name is “Raiden Makoto” (note that this follows the naming sequence seen in Japanese culture, where the surname goes first and the given name second).
The remaining archons have little information available on them, & as such, on the present day a section won't be written on them.
The rest of the Archons have yet to be revealed, in the meantime, here are their titles and elemental designations.
The God of Wisdom, the Dendro Archon of Sumeru.
The God of Justice, the Hydro Archon of Fontaine.
Murata, the God of War, The Pyro Archon of Natlan (her name was revealed in the webcomic for Genshin Impact).
The God of ???, The Cryo Archon of Snezhnaya. More commonly referred to as the Tsaritsa.
Note: The Tsaritsa’s ideal hasn’t been confirmed as of now, but an ongoing theory suggests her ideal is Love.
Archons are divine beings, and I'm sure you could infer from that alone they have great strength.
Archons are capable of great physical feats, being explicitly described within the game. It's said that Venti was able to terraform the terrain of Mondstadt with solely the power of wind. Wind erodes rock and geological features extremely slowly, in comparison with how it's described that Venti did it without much resistance. Morax, the Geo Archon, was able to bury and impale the Overlord of the Vortex, Osial. With the use of some stone spears, he was sent under the ocean; in fact, Guyun Stone Forest is a product of that battle.
The term Archon is derived from Gnosticism, that being of extreme importance to the game, being the basis of countless pieces and nit bits of lore. Within Gnosticism, there too are Seven Archons. These even also ruling over their own land and regions, being they rule over planets.