Background:  B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) are used clinically to diagnose and monitor heart failure and are present in the circulation as multiple proBNP-derived fragments. We investigated the specificity of BNP immunoassays with glycosylated and nonglycosylated BNP, N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP), and proBNP peptides to probe the cross-reactivity of each assay.

Conclusions:  BNP or NT-proBNP results are not transferable among the current existing immunoassays owing to their differences in cross-reactivity and ability to detect various glycosylated forms of proBNP-derived fragments. Opportunities remain to standardize and harmonize BNP and NT-proBNP assays, as well as to develop specific proBNP assays, to widen their clinical scope of use.


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Dr. Rodriguez holds a BS degree in Chemistry and Biology; a PhD in Analytical Chemistry from University of North Texas; and is a certified project management professional (PMP). She has 25+ years of progressive drug development experience from pre-IND through post-approval within the pharmaceutical industry. In these roles, she managed resources and complex, cross-functional projects and collaborative teams utilizing traditional, contract, and virtual development strategies for diverse formulations. Her expertise includes: analytical chemistry, chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (CMC), project and program management, and vendor management. Prior to joining DTRI, Dr. Rodriguez was the director of Analytical Chemistry at Pfizer, Inc. She held project management and pharmaceutical development positions at King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., DSM, and Glaxo. She has managed drug development programs involving solid oral (immediate and extended release, abuse deterrent), liquid oral, topical, and parenteral (injection and lyophilized) dosage forms across a range of therapeutic areas including hypertension, anti-fungal, anti-viral, hypothyroidism, anesthesia, and pain management.

Background:  Recent studies suggest that extended interval dosing of ocrelizumab, an anti-B cell therapy, does not affect its clinical effectiveness in most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it remains to be established whether certain B cell subsets are differentially repopulated after different dosing intervals and whether these subsets relate to clinical efficacy.

Conclusions:  Taken together, our data highlight that extending the dosing interval of ocrelizumab does not lead to increased repopulation of effector B cells. We show that the increase of CD20 expression on B cell subsets in EID might lead to longer depletion or less repopulation of B cells after the next infusion of ocrelizumab. Lastly, even though extending the ocrelizumab interval dosing alters B cell repopulation, it does not affect the clinical efficacy of ocrelizumab in our cohort of patients with MS.

Clinical practice guidelines recommend repeat testing by the same method to confirm a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic patients. This approach led to diabetes misdiagnosis in this patient despite the availability of additional laboratory tests, such as fasting glucose. With this case, we aim to highlight that despite the usefulness of practice guidelines, their limitations must be recognized and sound clinical judgment should prevail. Like all laboratory tests, HbA1c measurement is subject to interferences, and results must be interpreted within the clinical context.

Author Contributions. E.T. researched the data and wrote the manuscript. K.R.-C. and T.N.H. discovered the interference, contacted ordering physicians, researched the data, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. M.P.E. and V.E.B. researched the data, contributed to the discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. G.R.B. and L.M.M. provided patient clinical information, obtained patient informed consent, recruited patient relatives for Hb investigation studies, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. K.R.-C. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Our team conducts chemistry education research with an emphasis on theory-based qualitative methods. We focus on chemistry as a community of practice, which involves multiple intersecting communities of bench-top chemists, chemistry education researchers, and instructors. We aim to advance and support the chemistry education community, especially individuals at the periphery such as emerging researchers, instructors, and undergraduates interested in participating in science.

Cardiac biomarkers measurement in plasma for early detection of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving cancer therapy. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Distinguished Abstract Awards 2013. Houston, Texas, EEUU.

Dr. Rodriguez obtained her Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from New College of Florida, the honors college of the state university system of Florida. She then matriculated in the NIH-sponsored Medical Scientist Training Program at Case Western Reserve University at 19 years of age. She completed the M.D./Ph.D. program in six years.

Senior Editor: Ekaterini Lyras, PhD, Springer Nature, Germany

Karina joined Nature Communications in September 2021. After studying biochemistry and neuroscience she received her PhD from the Charit University of Medicine and carried out postdoctoral work at the Max Delbrck Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin. Her research focused on preclinical models of neuroimmune conditions and on the particular role of microglia and nerve-associated macrophages in physiology and disease. Karina is based in the Berlin office and handles preclinical and clinical research submissions on gene therapy, general therapeutics and muscle/bone biology.

Senior Editor: Ildiko Gyory, PhD, Springer Nature, UK

Ildiko joined Nature Communications in August 2020 to handle general immunology, clinical immunology, and cancer immunity from an immunological perspective. Ildiko holds a degree in Medicine from the Semmelweis Medical University of Budapest, Hungary. After obtaining her PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of South Florida, she carried out postdoctoral work at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg, Germany, and was a lecturer at the University of Leicester, UK. Ildiko is based in the London Office.

The authors acknowledge Prof. Monika Engelhardt (University of Freiburg, Germany), Prof. Martin Gramatzi (University of Kiel, Germany), and Prof. Klaus Podar (University of Krems, Austria) for being valuable members of our Scientific Advisory Board; Prof. Paola Ernesta Neri (University of Calgary, Canada), Prof. Emilio Russo (Magna Graecia University, Italy) and Dr. Pierpaolo Correale (GOM RC, Italy) for being valuable members of the SRC; Dr. Niels Montano Frandsen (Exiqon/Qiagen, Vedbaek Copenhagen, Denmark) as an expert external consultant on LNA and ASO chemistry; Dr. Massimo Breda (Aptuit/Evotec, Verona, Italy) for GLP/GCP Compliance in PK data production; Dr. Massimiliano Fonsi (Citoxlab/ Charles River Laboratories Evreux, France) as a supervisor on design and modelling of PK data; Dr. Brian Sproat (Managing Director at Chemconsilium GCV, Belgium) for the drug substance dossier; Dr. Loredana Cecchetelli (Director R&D at IBI-Istituto Biochimico Italiano Giovanni Lorenzini Spa, Aprilia-Rome) for GMP production support, fill&finish process and dossier; Prof. Marco Rossi for critical suggestions on the clinical protocol; Dr. Francesco Grillone for selecting the first patient to be enrolled in the study; all the nursing staff, in particular Dr. Rosina Pane, Dr. Daniela Dragone, Dr. Vincenza Aversa, Dr. Emanuele Montauro, Dr. Simona Tarzia, Dr. Luana Iannone, Dr. Franca Malvaggio, Dr. Francesca Ceravolo, Dr. Adele Valletta, and Dr. Marianna Arcidiacono, for their dedication and precious work on the project within the Phase I Unit; Dr. Ivana Criniti for study support and secretarial assistance; and Magnus Ringbom (Director, Medical Writing) and Dr. Christopher Furniss (Medical Writer) from LINK Medical Research AB, Sweden, who assisted in the preparation of the first draft of the manuscript. Our greatest thanks go to the patients and their families who participated in this study.

Our clinical laboratories are implementing total laboratory automation (TLA) at all three sites (Ronald Reagan Core Laboratory (RR), Santa Monica Core Laboratory (SM) and BURL Outreach Clinical Laboratory). This automation will allow all three sites to process patient specimens more efficiently, seamlessly accommodate add-on test requests, and decrease turn-around-times, thereby improving patient care. BURL was the first laboratory to go live with TLA in July 2022 which included the addition of the Roche pre-analytic P612 module into the line where samples are received, aliquoted and directed for testing to the Cobas chemistry or immunoassay units. The next step for BURL is to optimize workflow of the current TLA system to increase efficiency so that we can add HbA1c and hematology testing to the TLA line. SM is currently in the early phase of TLA implementation working on installation and validation.

Simultaneously, our clinical chemistry section has made significant updates to several tests to serve patients better. eGFR and high sensitivity troponin are two significant examples of these updates. Drs. Song and Metushi collaborated with nephrology and IT departments to successfully switch the eGFR calculations using the 2021 CKD-EPI equations without race variables on June 1, 2022. We also validated the eGFR calculation using whole blood creatinine measured with blood gas analyzers so that patients in the emergency department and nuclear medicine can receive eGFR results in a timely manner when their creatinine is measured in whole blood near point of care. On September 21, 2022, our laboratories started offering a testosterone profile which includes free and bioavailable testosterone. By performing this profile in-house, our laboratory can provide a shorter turnaround time when compared to testing performed at a reference laboratory, and thus better meet the needs of our patients and clinicians. Our team is currently working on the implementation of a high-sensitivity troponin assay (hsTnl), the latest generation of the cardiac enzyme testing that allows for detection of very low levels of troponin T, helping to diagnose heart attacks more quickly. To date, RR and SM labs have completed the technical validation of hsTnI tests on the Beckman Access 2. Next steps involve working with cardiologists to develop educational materials for all clinicians within UCLA health system. e24fc04721

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