Studying Demographics

Session Objective: to gain familiarity with methods and challenges for population studies, including data collection and analysis

The second unit of Climates of Resistance explores Disparate Distribution. The purpose of this unit is to compare similarities and differences between the environmental inequities experienced by various marginalised people in the US and around the world, especially Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Pasifika, and diasporic Asian communities. The unit begins with an examination of demographics: the statistical study of human communities. Though the phrase “numbers don’t lie” suggests that quantitative measures are objective, the people and systems doing the measuring aren’t. This session considers how racism influences the collection and use of demographic data.

  • Read: about “How the US census misses people of color – and why it’s so harmful” by Mona Chalabi for The Guardian.
    Optional:
    Learn more about how COVID-19 may have exacerbated the undercounting of minority groups during the 2020 US Census through this Vox article.

  • Reflect: on what youve learned about how some communities become statistically underrepresented through methodological failures in census work. What are the implications of undercounting for environmental racism?

Mona Chalabi is a data journalist who lives in New York. She is a writer, producer, and presenter, as well as an illustrator whose work has been commended by the Royal Statistical Society. Before she became a journalist, Mona worked with large data sets in jobs at the Bank of England, Transparency International, and the International Organization for Migration. She studied International Relations in Paris and Arabic in Jordan. Mona was born and raised in London. (Photograph by Wini Lao.)

photograph of Mona Chalabi
  • Listen: to this Code Switch podcast hosted by Shereen Marisol Meraji about the racist history and contemporary complication of blood quantums in Native American tribes.

  • Learn: more about how blood quantums were created by colonialism to literally ‘breed out’ Native peoples in the US in this primer interview between Kat Chow and Elizabeth Rule, and about how the practice creates difficult decisions for Indigenous Americans today in this personal essay from Savannah Maher.

  • Think: about the similarities and differences between blood quantums for Indigenous tribes and the one-drop rule for Black people in America. How do these policies impact your view of statistics about race in the US?

Shereen Marisol Meraji is the co-host and Senior Producer of NPRs Code Switch. Merajis first job in college involved radio journalism, and she hasnt been able to shake her passion for story telling since. The best career advice she ever received was from veteran radio journalist Alex Chadwick, who said, When you see a herd of reporters chasing the same story, run in the opposite direction. Shes invested in multiple pairs of running shoes and is wearing them out reporting for Code Switch. A graduate of San Francisco State with a BA in Raza Studies, Meraji is a native Californian with family roots in Puerto Rico and Iran. (Photograph by Nolwen Cifuentes for NPR.)

photograph of Shereen Marisol Meraji
photograph of Kat Chow

Kat Chow is a journalist and writer who has reported on what defines Native American identity, gentrification in New York Citys Chinatown, and the aftermath of a violent hate crime. Her cultural criticism has led her on explorations of racial representation in TV, film, and theatre; the post-election crisis that diversity trainers face; race and beauty standards; and gaslighting. Chow’s work has garnered her a national award from the Asian American Journalists Association, and she’s received a residency fellowship from the Millay Colony as well as the Yi Dae Up fellowship at the Jack Jones Literary Arts Retreat.

Dr Elizabeth Rule is the Director of the AT&T Center for Indigenous Politics and Policy, DC’s only university-based research center dedicated to American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian issues. She is also an Assistant Professor of Professional Studies, Director of the Native American Political Leadership Program and the INSPIRE PreCollege Program, and Faculty in Residence at George Washington University. Her forthcoming monograph, Reproducing Resistance: Gendered Violence and Indigenous Nationhood, links Native women’s reproductive justice issues and the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women crisis. Rule is an enrolled citizen of the Chickasaw Nation.

photograph of Dr Elizabeth Rule
photograph of Savannah Maher

Savannah Maher covers Indigenous affairs for KUNM News and the Mountain West News Bureau. Previously, she worked on NPR’s midday show Here & Now, where her work explored everything from Native peoples’ fraught relationship with American elections to the erosion of press freedoms for tribal media outlets. A proud citizen of the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe, Savannah got her start in journalism reporting for her hometown’s local newspaper (The Mashpee Enterprise) and public radio station (WCAI). She has and has since contributed to New Hampshire Public Radio, High Country News, and NPR’s Code Switch blog. Maher graduated from Dartmouth College in 2018.

  • Watch: this scene from Allegiance, a musical about Japanese American internment in World War II written by Jay Kuo.
    Friday 19 February marks 追憶の日, the Day of Remembrance. It was on this day in 1942 that President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order creating the military zone concentration camps.

  • Understand: the lyrics about Questions 27 and 28 with this encyclopaedia entry about survey questions designed to ‘screen for loyalty’, with environmentally racist consequences for those who didn’t answer ‘correctly’. It is worth noting that not a single one of the 112,000 Japanese Americans imprisoned was ever found guilty of sabotage or espionage.
    Optional: Read more about forced incarceration for Japanese Americans in the Lake Tule Segregation Center.

  • Consider: the horrific experience Japanese Americans had with Internment Camps, and the role that the Statement of United States Citizen of Japanese Ancestry questionnaire played in facilitating segregation. How do you think marginalised communities should respond to reality that demographic bureaucracy has been used to actively harm them, when being counted is critical to accessing government funds and tracking institutional racism?

click to read the song lyrics to “Paradise”

My fellow Americans, give me your tired, your poor...

Your homes, your businesses, your money!

Just mark yes to questions 27 and 28

And I will let you stay right here in the Heart Mountain Relocation Resort


Dessert, swamp, or dusty waste, they say locations key

Sure you shiver in this icebox, but cheer up, the rent is free

And we all love to freeze in line for soggy bowls of rice

Just put up and shut up, cause youre in paradise

Is everybody happy?

No!

Tough!


When its pitch black dark at night, the army might assume

That youre trying to escape, if youre running to the bathroom

Let them aim their spotlights down, but smile real nice

Just put up and shut up, cause youre in paradise


Aint it grand in paradise?

The water tastes like rust, the beddings filled with crabby lice

But heres a little sound advice

You better take my sound advice

Just put up and shut up, cause youre in paradise


Say, does anybody know where to get good sushi around here?
Try Tule Lake

Theres no water in Tule Lake; it’s drier than Mrs. Tanakas rice cakes


Say, let me ask you a question:

Why are Japanese American kids so good at math?

I dont know, why are Japanese American kids so good at math?

Because they spend the whole year in concentration camp!


Okay thats enough!

Sorry, Sam, your Uncle Sams got a few questions for you:


Now we aim to separate disloyals from the rest

All you have to do to pass is hold your nose and answer yes

A no, no seals your fate, but you will pay a heavy price

Theyll grab you, and send you, away from paradise


Aint it grand in paradise?

The snakes will let you be, if you feed them all the mice

But if you answer no twice

Lord if you check it twice

Youll no, no, youll go, go, away from paradise


You dont want to take that chance, so answer yes, yes

Do the paradise dance, whoo


[Dance Break]


Paradise!

Hey everybody, its for our own good right?

Paradise!

So we better just do what we should right?

Put up, and shut up

Just put up and shut up

Just put up and shut up

Just put up and shut up

Just shut it up, youre in paradise!

Aint this paradise?

Allegiance is Jay Kuo’s fourth full length musical. Allegiance held its World Premiere at San Diego’s Old Globe Theater, where it played to sold out audiences and broke that theatre’s 77-year ticket sales record. In addition to composing, Jay has produced several shows on Broadway. In addition to his degree from Stanford, Jay is also a graduate of the U.C. Berkeley’s School of Law and is an appellate litigator admitted to practice before the Ninth Circuit and U.S. Supreme Court. He is currently is Chief Creative Officer at The Social Edge, a digital publishing and social media company that generates one of the largest sources of traffic on the Internet.

photograph of Jay Kuo
  • Explore: how arbitrary reporting on race and ethnicity can be through the debate on “Who is Hispanic?”

  • Identify: some ways that social constructions of race – and how they change over time – impact our ability to capture long-term demographic data accurately. What is the value of quantitative population studies, given these challenges?

  • Realise: that despite all of the challenges with statistical accuracy and population studies, environmental racism is so systemically entrenched it is evident even when politics try to interfere with demographic science – check out this review from Vann Newkirk for The Atlantic.
    Note: You can watch the video at the end of the article if you prefer watching and listening to reading!

photograph of Vann Newkirk

Vann R Newkirk II is a journalist, editor, and data-centred policy analyst. He is a senior editor at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and health. He has covered the battles for voting rights since the 2013 Shelby County Supreme Court decision, the fate of communities on the front lines of climate change and disasters, and the Black vote in the 2018 and 2020 elections. He hosts the Floodlines podcast, a narrative series about Hurricane Katrina. His forthcoming book, Children of the Flood, chronicles Black Americas fight against climate crises.

  • Celebrate: the efforts of Indigenous artists and community leaders to ensure their people were counted in the US Census through the artwork below.

These crafts were completed as part of a beading challenge by the Urban Indian Health Institute as part of their #WeCount campaign for Indigenous participation in the 2020 US Census.

The design was created by Elias Jade NotAfraid, an Apsaalooké artist who learned how to bead while growing up in his great-grandmother’s old house on the Crow Indian reservation in Lodge Grass, Montana. He brings a new spin on beading, disrupting gender norms and the craft’s traditional subject matter.

photograph of Elias Jade NotAfraid
  • Complete: your Learning Log for this session via the form below.