Do we use them every day? No.. We spend most of our time in inquiry-based investigations and activities. However, it is still necessary to have class discussions and time for explanations in an inquiry-based classroom (or at least it is with my students).
Do I still use PowerPoint in my classroom? Sometimes, but usually only as an additional tool to show diagrams or a photograph as a reference. The days of PowerPoint slides that students take notes from in my class are history.
Class 11 Biology Notes In Hindi Pdf Download
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I tried this technique out in my anatomy class for the Urinary System Unit, and the kids seemed to enjoy it. I videoed myself doing it so the kids that were absent could also follow along. Since reading your blog I also created sketchnote reviews for each unit in anatomy. I really enjoy making them for my classes. Thank you for sharing your experience and helping other teachers.
Ans: CBSE Notes for Class 11 Biology are provided by Vedantu, available on the website as well as the mobile app. Students can find accurate, descriptive, and easily understandable notes that will assist their preparation in a better way. You can access these chapter-wise notes for all chapters of Class 11 Biology. Students can also download these notes free of cost for offline access whenever required.
Ans: Books published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) are considered as one of the best resources for students studying various classes. These books have been prescribed by CBSE for a long time since they strictly adhere to the latest syllabus and curriculum. Question papers are designed based on NCERT Books and hence, they are the best to prepare for Class 11 Biology. The books contain material that can be easily comprehended and enhance the overall learning experience for students.
Because I've heard pros and cons about both methods and I don't really know how to study for biology-like classes. So far I've been getting by with studying my scribble notes and pulling all nighters, but I really don't wish to do this b/c getting by won't continue to cut it in future classes, it's getting harder, but I've yet to cement solid study skills.
It is possible with the notes because the revision notes are prepared to keep in mind the cruciality of time for the students. Subject matter experts of Selfstudys have crafted the Class 11 Biology NCERT Notes in PDF after analysing the whole NCERT 12 Biology books and syllabus. Links to download are mentioned here on this page which will aid students to access the PDF of Biology revision notes anytime they want.
The revision notes of Class 11 can add great value to your academic life if you know when to use them. Therefore, in this section, we have mentioned the crucial moments you should use NCERT Biology Class 11 Notes PDF.
BotanyZoologyBiochemistryCell & Molecular BiologyBiotechnologyBioinformaticsBiophysicsPlant PhysiologyPhysiology & EndocrinologyImmunologyMicrobiologyGeneticsEmbryologyEvolutionEcologyResearch MethodologyBiostatisticsPhysics for BiologistsChemistry for Biologists
The easiest way to take notes using the Cornell method is to use a simple piece of lined notebook paper. The notebook paper is divided into three sections: Cues or Questions, Details, and Summary. In the first column, students can write essential questions from the lecture or vocabulary words to define. In the details column, elaborating notes are written that pertain to the cues/questions. The final section, summary, provides a generalized explanation of the content on the page. Students can also add a title at the top to describe the content of the page. Images, doodles, and graphs are also helpful additions that can be included in the details column.
Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization,[1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations.[1][6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use.[7][8][9] Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific method to make observations, pose questions, generate hypotheses, perform experiments, and form conclusions about the world around them.[1]
Life on Earth, which emerged more than 3.7 billion years ago,[10] is immensely diverse. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. These various organisms contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem, where they play specialized roles in the cycling of nutrients and energy through their biophysical environment.
The basis for modern genetics began with the work of Gregor Mendel in 1865.[26] This outlined the principles of biological inheritance.[27] However, the significance of his work was not realized until the early 20th century when evolution became a unified theory as the modern synthesis reconciled Darwinian evolution with classical genetics.[28] In the 1940s and early 1950s, a series of experiments by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase pointed to DNA as the component of chromosomes that held the trait-carrying units that had become known as genes. A focus on new kinds of model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics. From the 1950s onwards, biology has been vastly extended in the molecular domain. The genetic code was cracked by Har Gobind Khorana, Robert W. Holley and Marshall Warren Nirenberg after DNA was understood to contain codons. The Human Genome Project was launched in 1990 to map the human genome.[29]
All organisms are made up of chemical elements;[30] oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen account for most (96%) of the mass of all organisms, with calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium constituting essentially all the remainder. Different elements can combine to form compounds such as water, which is fundamental to life.[30] Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits or monomers.[34] Monomers include sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides.[35] Carbohydrates include monomers and polymers of sugars.[36]Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that are not made up of polymers. They include steroids, phospholipids, and fats,[35] largely nonpolar and hydrophobic (water-repelling) substances.[37]Proteins are the most diverse of the macromolecules. They include enzymes, transport proteins, large signaling molecules, antibodies, and structural proteins. The basic unit (or monomer) of a protein is an amino acid.[34] Twenty amino acids are used in proteins.[34]Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.[38] Their function is to store, transmit, and express hereditary information.[35]
Gene expression is the molecular process by which a genotype encoded in DNA gives rise to an observable phenotype in the proteins of an organism's body. This process is summarized by the central dogma of molecular biology, which was formulated by Francis Crick in 1958.[70][71][72] According to the Central Dogma, genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. There are two gene expression processes: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).[73]
Evolution is a central organizing concept in biology. It is the change in heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations.[82][83] In artificial selection, animals were selectively bred for specific traits.[84] Given that traits are inherited, populations contain a varied mix of traits, and reproduction is able to increase any population, Darwin argued that in the natural world, it was nature that played the role of humans in selecting for specific traits.[84] Darwin inferred that individuals who possessed heritable traits better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and produce more offspring than other individuals.[84] He further inferred that this would lead to the accumulation of favorable traits over successive generations, thereby increasing the match between the organisms and their environment.[85][86][87][84][88]
A phylogeny is an evolutionary history of a specific group of organisms or their genes.[90] It can be represented using a phylogenetic tree, a diagram showing lines of descent among organisms or their genes. Each line drawn on the time axis of a tree represents a lineage of descendants of a particular species or population. When a lineage divides into two, it is represented as a fork or split on the phylogenetic tree.[90] Phylogenetic trees are the basis for comparing and grouping different species.[90] Different species that share a feature inherited from a common ancestor are described as having homologous features (or synapomorphy).[91][92][90] Phylogeny provides the basis of biological classification.[90] This classification system is rank-based, with the highest rank being the domain followed by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.[90] All organisms can be classified as belonging to one of three domains: Archaea (originally Archaebacteria); bacteria (originally eubacteria), or eukarya (includes the protist, fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms).[93]
Archaea constitute the other domain of prokaryotic cells and were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), a term that has fallen out of use.[120] Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat and square cells of Haloquadratum walsbyi.[121] Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. Other aspects of archaeal biochemistry are unique, such as their reliance on ether lipids in their cell membranes,[122] including archaeols. Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. Salt-tolerant archaea (the Haloarchaea) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon, but unlike plants and cyanobacteria, no known species of archaea does both. Archaea reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding; unlike bacteria, no known species of Archaea form endospores. e24fc04721
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