JAVA OOPs Concepts
JAVA OOPs Concepts
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is widely used in Java and many other programming languages.
In OOP, programs are organized into objects, which are instances of classes, and these objects interact with each other to perform tasks. Java is a language that fully supports OOP principles, and here are some of the key concepts in OOP as applied to Java:
Object
Object
An object, in the context of object-oriented programming, refers to any entity that possesses both state and behavior. These entities can encompass physical objects like chairs, pens, tables, keyboards, bikes, and more, as well as conceptual or logical entities.
Objects can be precisely defined as instances of a class, and each object occupies a specific location in memory, represented by an address. One of the key features of objects is their ability to communicate with each other without needing to access the internal details of each other's data or code. What matters in this communication is the type of message sent and the type of response received, ensuring a level of abstraction and modularity in the program design.
Example: Consider a dog as an object within the realm of object-oriented programming. It qualifies as an object due to its possession of various states, including attributes such as color, name, breed, and more.
Additionally, it exhibits a range of behaviors, including wagging its tail, barking, eating, and more. These combined states and behaviors make it a classic example of an object in this programming paradigm.
Class: A class is a blueprint or a template for creating objects. It defines the attributes (fields) and methods (functions) that objects of the class will have. In Java, classes are defined using the class keyword.
Inheritance: Inheritance allows you to create a new class (subclass or derived class) based on an existing class (superclass or base class). The subclass inherits the attributes and methods of the superclass. This promotes code reuse and the creation of a hierarchical structure of classes.
Polymorphism:-Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This is achieved through method overriding (providing a specific implementation in a subclass) and method overloading (defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters).
Polymorphism:-Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This is achieved through method overriding (providing a specific implementation in a subclass) and method overloading (defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters).
In the context of Java programming, we employ two techniques, namely method overloading and method overriding, to implement the concept of polymorphism.
For instance, consider the scenario of generating sounds where different animals exhibit distinct vocalizations. For example, a cat produces the sound "meow," while a dog emits the sound "woof." This serves as another illustration of polymorphism in action.
Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is the practice of hiding the internal details of an object and providing a controlled interface to interact with it. In Java, you can achieve encapsulation by using access modifiers like public, private, and protected to control the visibility of fields and methods.
Abstraction:
Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex reality by modeling classes based on the essential properties and behaviors. Abstract classes and interfaces in Java provide a way to define abstract types that can be implemented by concrete classes.
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