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Introduction
Distillation removes most impurities and kills microorganisms. Compared with other separation methods, such as extraction, adsorption, etc., its advantage is that it does not need to use other solvents other than system components, thereby ensuring that no new impurities are introduced.
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Video instructions
Quick instructions
Questions to test you've understood how to do the technique properly.
Video instructions
The combined operation of heating a liquid to boiling turns the liquid into a vapor, and then allowing the vapor to cool and condense into a liquid is called distillation. Obviously, distillation can separate volatile and non-volatile substances, as well as liquid mixtures with different boiling points.
Watch carefully how to assemble a simple distillation apparatus
Quick instructions
Assemble a simple distillation apparatus as shown. The main equipment used are flasks, tee connectors, temperature adapters, thermometers, condensers, vacuum adapters and graduated cylinders, etc.
Questions to test you've understood how to do the technique properly.
High-boiling substances are easily condensed during distillation, and the vapor is often condensed and dripped back into the distillation flask before reaching the side pipe of the distillation flask. Think about ways to solve this problem.
The boiling point and saturated vapor pressure of the substance being distilled and its impurities must be known before distillation. Why?
Answer to question
Answer to question
You can use a short-necked distillation flask or take thermal insulation measures.
The boiling point and saturated vapor pressure are used to decide when (ie at what temperature) the fractions are collected.
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