Catch Up Meaning __EXCLUSIVE_

A catch-22 is a paradoxical situation from which an individual cannot escape because of contradictory rules or limitations.[1] The term was coined by Joseph Heller, who used it in his 1961 novel Catch-22.

Catch-22s often result from rules, regulations, or procedures that an individual is subject to, but has no control over, because to fight the rule is to accept it. Another example is a situation in which someone is in need of something that can only be had by not being in need of it (e.g. the only way to qualify for a loan is to prove to the bank that you do not need a loan). One connotation of the term is that the creators of the "catch-22" situation have created arbitrary rules in order to justify and conceal their own abuse of power.

Catch Up Meaning

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There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he was sane, he had to fly them. If he flew them, he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to, he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.

A significant type of definition of alternative medicine has been termed a catch-22. In a 1998 editorial co-authored by Marcia Angell, a former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, argued that:

This definition has been described by Robert L. Park as a logical catch-22 which ensures that any complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) method which is proven to work "would no longer be CAM, it would simply be medicine."[11]

The archetypal catch-22, as formulated by Joseph Heller, involves the case of John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces bombardier, who wishes to be grounded from combat flight. This will only happen if he is evaluated by the squadron's flight surgeon and found "unfit to fly". "Unfit" would be any pilot who is willing to fly such dangerous missions, as one would have to be mad to volunteer for possible death. However, to be evaluated, he must request the evaluation, an act that is considered sufficient proof for being declared sane. These conditions make it impossible to be declared "unfit".

The "Catch-22" is that "anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy".[12] Hence, pilots who request a mental fitness evaluation are sane, and therefore must fly in combat. At the same time, if an evaluation is not requested by the pilot, he will never receive one and thus can never be found insane, meaning he must also fly in combat.

The philosopher Laurence Goldstein argues that the "airman's dilemma" is logically not even a condition that is true under no circumstances; it is a "vacuous biconditional" that is ultimately meaningless. Goldstein writes:[13]

I'm tasked with writing an Exception Handling Strategy and Guidelines document for a .NET/C# project I'm working on. I'm having a tough go at it. There's plenty of information available for how/when to throw, catch, wrap exceptions, but I'm looking for describing what sorts of things should go on inside the catch block short of wrapping and throwing the exception.

It means exactly that. If you are expecting code you're running to throw an exception, and when that exception is thrown your code knows what went wrong and how to proceed, then catch the exception and handle it.

A related but far more valid case is where you don't care about the exception being thrown, but you need to clean up in all cases. In that case, skip the catch; you don't need it, just make it a try-finally block.

EDIT: To answer the question in the post, not just the subject, you could write a rule as follows: "Do not code a try-catch statement that does not do anything, or only rethrows the caught exception. All catch statements should perform some value-added action relating to the thrown exception."

All of these examples involve first catching the exception of a known type and interrogating it to see what exactly went wrong, then performing some known action that can allow the program to continue execution. The object is to prevent the application from crashing and burning when something goes wrong that you know could go wrong, but know how to keep the program running in that case.

I've worked with developers who, when confronted with a bug, would simply wrap the offending code in a try/catch block and say, "I fixed the bug." The problem in scenarios like the above example is that by simply catching an exception and not fixing the problem that caused it, you're liable to undermine the solidity of your program. Above, what the catch has done is made us uncertain whether SomeImportantResource and SomeOtherImportantResource were ever initialized properly. It seems likely that there could be code elsewhere in the program that requires for these to be initialized, in which case, we've just introduced a bug by "fixing" a bug.

Or, better than that: don't catch the exception and make some feeble attempt (or non-attempt) to "handle" it; figure out what caused it and fix that problem. Obviously this is not always possible, but it is possible a lot more often than it should be.

This is an example where you have a specific program behavior you want, and accomplish it by how you handle the exception. Generally, you should try to find a way to accomplish your goal without using exception handling, such as in the above exmple, you could always check to see if the file is available before attempting to operate on it. That way you can just code it as an "if/else" instead of a "try/catch". However, if you did that, there is still always the chance in the above case that someone may lose access to a file in the middle of an operation, such that regardless of whether you checked in advance, you still might get an exception that you can handle gracefully. So you'd probably refactor your else block into a function that is both called from the else and the catch, so that you can gracefully fallback to local storage in either case.

When an exception trickles up via rethrow's all the way to your GUI layer, then at that point is where you catch it and do not rethrow it, but instead display a message to the user indicating that an unexpected error occurred, and usually exit the application. You might give them an opportunity to save work, but maybe automatically making a backup of the file being overwritten, as an unhandled exception is something you never coded for, meaning something might be corrupt, and you might be saving a bad file, yet leading the user to believe they are saving their work. This is ultimately the reason many program opt to kill themselves if something unexpected occurs, as from that point on who knows what state the program might be in, and something as simple as saving some rows in a database might have serious consequences and hose alot of data.

If you can perform an action when you catch an exception that is helpful in some way (such as executing a block of code that will perform the function attempted in the try statement, but does it in a different, but perhaps less efficient way, or simply informing the user that their action couldn't be performed), then you should catch it and do so. If you are simply logging the exception to track down the problem later, then you should rethrow the exception throw; (NOT throw ex;), in case there is another block of code that can handle that type of exception.

If your code can gracefully handle a specific type of exception, catch it and handle it, and then let your code keep going. If not, let the exception propagate up, because it may be caught at a higher level or it may be something really wrong that you shouldn't be catching as it might mask the error.

The catch block should teardown anything that may have been opened for use in the try and due to the exception being thrown not closed down properly. Database connections and file access are the ones that usually need closing down (though proper use of a using block can handle this)

Mostly this is overkill, as if I'm catching an exception into a temporary variable name (e only is valid for the exception handling block), I don't have to police myself so strictly as to not trust myself to assign a different (possibly created) exception to the same variable name.

In recent JDK7 builds, a Project Coin language change allows it to indicate a degree of implicit static typing is going on. A single catch can catch a number of different checked exceptions by a common base type, and rethrow with the enclosing context only having catch or declare those exceptions that could (statically speaking) be thrown within the try. (See the link for a better explanation.)

The question, "What does final do?" is addressed in other answers to this question, and here, here, and here. But in the context of a try-catch block, the Java Language Specification (JLS) 4.12.4 states (emphasis my own):

Adding the final keyword to a multi-catch clause simply makes explicit the fact that the variable is implicitly final. In general, whenever the final keyword conveys additional information that helps make your code more readable/maintainable, use it.

On the other hand, the exception parameter in a uni-catch clause is never implicitly final. So, using the final keyword to a uni-catch clause prevents something like the following from happening:

This is an important property as it means to the maintainer that this particular variable will have this particular value everywhere it is used and it is not necessary to keep track of where it changes. This is recognized to be so useful that the "Clean up" action in Eclipse allows for adding "final" whereever it possibly can, and I believe that what you see is the result of such an automatic clean up, because most human programmers would keep the catch-block short so such an indication is not needed. 006ab0faaa