Building The Great Wall Of China Full Game Free Download

Around 220 B.C.E., Qin Shi Huang, also called the First Emperor, united China. He masterminded the process of uniting the existing walls into one. At that time, rammed earth and wood made up most of the wall. Emperor after emperor strengthened and extended the wall, often with the aim of keeping out the northern invaders. In some places, the wall was constructed of brick. Elsewhere, quarried granite or even marble blocks were used. The wall was continuously brought up to date as building techniques advanced.

The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.[22] During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Han, Yan, and Zhongshan[23][24] all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly of stone or by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.

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King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty ("Qin Shi Huang") in 221 BC. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the sections of the walls that divided his empire among the former states. To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, however, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. "Build and move on" was a central guiding principle in constructing the wall, implying that the Chinese were not erecting a permanently fixed border.[25]

Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands[26] of workers died building the Qin wall. Later, the Han,[27] the Northern dynasties and the Sui all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.[28] The Tang and Song dynasties did not undertake any significant effort in the region.[28] Dynasties founded by non-Han ethnic groups also built their border walls: the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei, the Khitan-ruled Liao, Jurchen-led Jin and the Tangut-established Western Xia, who ruled vast territories over Northern China throughout centuries, all constructed defensive walls but those were located much to the north of the other Great Walls as we know it, within China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia and in modern-day Mongolia itself.[29]

As is frequently the case in this kind of situation, money could buy one out of this time of serving on the wall construction. One could buy off a corvee, or even pay for a crime with money, or buy a servant to serve the required time on the wall. Therefore, it was the poor people who, in fact, worked and died along the great wall.

In the high mountains, stones were quarried from the land. In areas of flat, loess soil (a special kind of soil blown in from the Gobi desert and carried by the Yellow River) the soil was used to create tamped earth layers. In the Gobi Desert area alternating layers of sand, pebbles, tamarisk twigs (a small shrub), and reeds were used. In the Northeast, near Liaodong, boards of oak, pine, and china fir trees were used. It is said that if all the stones used to build the Great Wall were used to build a wall one meter wide and five meters high, that wall could circle the globe at the equator ten times around!

The technique used in the actual construction of the wall in some areas is similar to that used in the building of mud house walls. There were two stone walls built, and the space between these walls was filled with earth and pebbles. The traditional technique of tamped earth with the loess soil was used in the areas where this soil was abundant. Posts or boards, sometimes bamboo poles, were used to create two walls with a space between. The loess soil was deposited in this space, then pounded by hand. Each layer of pounded, or rammed, earth was seven to ten centimeters thick, and as hard as stone.

The Great Wall was continuously built from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD on the northern border of the country as the great military defence project of successive Chinese Empires, with a total length of more than 20,000 kilometers. The Great Wall begins in the east at Shanhaiguan in Hebei province and ends at Jiayuguan in Gansu province to the west. Its main body consists of walls, horse tracks, watch towers, and shelters on the wall, and includes fortresses and passes along the Wall.

The Great Wall integrally preserves all the material and spiritual elements and historical and cultural information that carry its outstanding universal value. The complete route of the Great Wall over 20,000 kilometers, as well as elements constructed in different historical periods which constitute the complicated defence system of the property, including walls, fortresses, passes and beacon towers, have been preserved to the present day. The building methods of the Great Wall in different times and places have been integrally maintained, while the unparalleled national and cultural significance of the Great Wall to China is still recognised today. The visual integrity of the Wall at Badaling has been impacted negatively by construction of tourist facilities and a cable car.

The earliest parts of the Great Wall of China were built by Chinese overlords belonging to the Zhou Dynasty. During this time, they built a series of comparatively short walls. Centuries later, these would be joined together into one larger wall. The purpose of these early boundary walls was to protect Chinese territory from nomadic, barbarian foreign invaders. Their greatest rivals included the Mongols, Turks and Manchus.

Construction like that across hundreds of miles took lots of manpower. Gideon Shelach, an archaeologist at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, says the leaders of the Qi dynasty (which oversaw the building of the wall) had plenty of hands that they needed to keep occupied.

"They were very good at recruiting people for war, first of all," Shelach says. With so much manpower, he says, the leaders could do anything else they wanted to do, too, "so they started building those walls."

Feinman says the Chinese public is interested in rediscovering the earlier Qi wall, though there's a lot of building going on in rural China that threatens to swallow up parts of it. That may not be a bad thing, according to Feinman.

Credit for building The Great Wall goes to the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 B.C.E to 206 B.C.E. But the first signs of The Great wall belongs to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 - 476 B.C.E) and the Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 B.C.E). This is a time when overloads wanted to protect and secure their state.

The first emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 B.C.E to 206 B.C.E is known for building The Great Wall. However, the first signs of The Great Wall belong to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 - 476 B.C.E) and the Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 B.C.E). During this period, the royal family of Eastern Zhou (770 - 256 B.C.E) declined, and many rulers felt the need to build walls to protect their states. The earliest walls were the Chu State Wall, and then the divisions of Qi, Wei, Yan, Zhao, Qin, and Han emerged; this period is the Pre-imperial China (7th century- 221 B.C.E).

Construction of The Great Wall was one of the most challenging building projects ever undertaken. General Meng Tian initially directed the project and was said to have used a massive army of soldiers, prisoners, and commoners as workers, made of mainly compacted earth and included wood and stone. It stretched from the China Sea port of Shanhaiguan over 3,000 miles west into Gansu province. Some wall sections overlapped for maximum security and rose 15-30 feet high, topped by barricades 12 feet or higher and guard towers placed at intervals along the Wall. Historians say that 400,000 people died in the Wall's construction and lay buried within the Wall.

After the fall of the Ming, the next dynasty (the Qing) expanded China's borders further north. This made the Great Wall irrelevant as everything on both sides now belonged to China, and the wall fell into disrepair. In the 1980s, a massive project was undertaken to restore the Great Wall, marking the only time that it was built purely for national pride and not for defense, and it became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987. So, despite being over 2,000 years old, the Great Wall is still really a building in progress. It means something new with every generation.

The Great Wall was built despite the primitive or basic construction technologies used during those times. The Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered the project's labor force to be organized into three groups: soldiers, civilians and criminals. Hence bringing some sort of organization and resource allocation for building the wall.

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The different ages obtained from the Xinjiang beacon towers are somewhat surprising. On the one hand, the Tang aged material from Sites 11 and 12 confirm recent archaeological findings from a nearby tower50,51, whereas the younger age obtained from Sishilidadun (Site 14), one of the northern-most beacon towers along the Kongque River, suggests that wall-building activities lasted into the post-Tang era and may have been a defensive practice adopted by nearby states like the Qocho Uyghur Kingdom or imported from northeastern China when the Western Liao Dynasty was established in Central Asia. Nevertheless, our new radiometric dates shed light onto the previously conflicting archaeological age uncertainties for these ancient structures. 2351a5e196