How to learn about Chennai water quality?
● Water and air are the basic and most important things required by all living beings.
● Pollution-free air and quality water free from contaminants are required for a healthy life in the world.
● Chennai is one of the four metropolitan cities in India.
● The population of Chennai was just 15 lakhs in 1960.
● Its population has raised to more than a 7.6million during the last four decades.
● The ever-increasing growth of the city with the increased number of buildings, factories within the city reduced the open land available for water retention.
● Day by day the Chennai becomes highly urbanized.
● A lot of people from various parts of Tamil Nadu and other states move into Chennai for their livelihood.
● The presence of untapped potential and the availability of a knowledgeable and skilled workforce attracts many foreign companies to start
their companies and their business transactions in Chennai.
● The number of non-resident Indians is also getting increased.
● All these lead to increasing in the quantity of water consumption and receding the water table of Chennai.
THE CONTAMINATION AND ITS EFFECT
● Rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries such as India, has affected the availability and quality of groundwater due to its exploitation.
● The groundwater is getting contaminated as a result of the leaching of more minerals and other types of contaminants into it affecting its quality.
● The common pollutants of groundwater are discharge of agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste, pesticides,.... etc.
● The presence of contaminants in the water leads to
water-borne diseases.
● Water-borne diseases may be
1.Microbial origins - such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, and typhoid.
2.Chemical origins - such as fluorosis and methemoglobinemia. ( Blue-baby Syndrome )
3.The high level of sulphates causes Catharsis and
Gastrointestinal irritation.
4.hair falling and skin irritations are common.
THE NEED FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES
● It is necessary to check the quality of the consuming water, and also it is necessary to monitor its quality.
● It is a must to devise ways and means to protect it.
1.WATER QUALITY INDEX TEST
● The groundwater is fit for human consumption based on the nine parameters of the water quality index and the fluoride content.
● The nine physicochemical parameters are listed below
a. Turbidity
b. ph
c. Hardness
d. Sulphates
e. Magnesium
f. Nitrates
g. Chloride
h. Calcium
i. Fluoride
● Once the water quality index text is brought to public notice, we can effectively monitor the water quality.
● This test serves as a convenient tool to highlight specific environmental conditions.
● It will help the governmental decision-makers in evaluating the effectiveness of the regulatory program.
● The water quality range from excellent to good.
● At least 30% of drinking water samples tested by the Greater Chennai Corporation every day used to get failure reports in the quality tests.
● While about one in every five samples had some bacteriological contamination.
● The most water-borne diseases are such as cholera and typhoid are notifiable diseases.
THE GROUNDWATER REPORT IN INDIA
● The total annual replenishable groundwater resources in India has been assessed as 433 billion cubic meters (BCM) and the net annual Groundwater availability is estimated as 399 BCM.
● The gross groundwater draft as of March 2004 for all uses was 231 BCM per year.
● Once the groundwater is contaminated, its quality cannot be restored by stopping the pollutants from the source.
CONCLUSION
● Proper control can be adopted through better access to safe water supply by periodically monitoring the quality, providing adequate sanitation facilities, and better hygiene practices.
● Water, the most important, a prime natural resource, a basic human need, and a precious asset.
● The three major sources of water are rain, surface water, and groundwater.
● Rainwater percolating into the ground constitutes the groundwater.
● Groundwater is superior to surface water because of the effective filtering effect.
● It is the cheapest and most practical means of providing water to communities.
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