See Torque Force Design Equations webpage and torque chart page for recommended fastener torque and equation data. This calculator uses a practical starting point for all threaded fastener tightening analysis and uses the basic elastic torque-tension equation.
The calculator below can be used to calculate the torque required to achieve a given axial bolt force or load. The calculator is generic an can used for imperial and metric units as long as the use of units are consistent.
Bolt Torque Calculator
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Note that standard dry torques are normally calculated to produce a tensile stress - or axial force or clamp load - in the bolt that equals to 70% of minimum tensile strength or 75% of proof strength.
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You must know how to calculate torque for tightening bolts to ensure that your application is functional and safe. Errors in torque calculation can result in expensive failure, including the time and hassle of replacing broken equipment.
A non-lubricated or dry joint has more friction between components which requires more torque to be applied in order to achieve the same deflection/travel as a lubricated joint. These factors are best determined after a great deal of experimentation through extensive testing.
Once you have calculated your torque, be sure to double-check to confirm that the calculation is correct to ensure the safety and proper functioning of your equipment. A small error could result in a large discrepancy in your final figure. To verify your torque calculation, use these three proven methods:
Governed by the specifications outlined in the European DIN EN 16984/16983 (formerly DIN 2092/2093), they are engineered and manufactured to perform as needed in the most arduous dynamically loaded spring applications.
The below estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture, and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation under actual joint and assembly conditions.
1 Proofload is the published number that full size headed bolts are tested to. The bolt is stressed up to the proofload value, and if there is no deformation, elongation, or fracture, then the bolt is deemed to have passed. For bolting specifications that do not have a published proofload, it is usually calculated at 92% of minimum yield strength.
2 Clampload is calculated at 75% of proofload. This is done to allow a safety buffer so that the bolt does not get too close to the proofload value. If you exceed the proofload value when tensioning the bolt, you run the risk of bolt failure. Clampload is only a estimated number, there maybe situations where the engineer calls for the bolts to be tensioned to a different value.
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It's important to refer to a specific torque chart because the exact value varies with the bolt's grade and the material it's fastening. Always use the correct specification for safety and effectiveness.
The ISO standard for tightening torque refers to ISO 898-1. It provides guidelines on the proper torque values for different grades of bolts and screws, ensuring they're tightened safely and effectively without causing damage or failure in materials and connections.
Read on to discover what is bolt torque, the bolt tightening torque calculation formula, how to calculate bolt torque, and typical torque values for bolts. Our bolt torque calculator supports different bolt materials and levels of lubrication. So gather your nuts and bolts together ?, and let's start building something!
Torque is a measure of the conversion of linear force to rotational force at some distance from the axis of rotation. When applied to a bolt, this force becomes tension in the bolt threads, which in turn applies a clamping force (or load) between the two materials you are bolting together.
On the other hand, if you tighten up a bolt with too much torque, the bolt may stretch, causing the clamping force to actually reduce. If you increase the torque still further, the bolt may break during assembly or, even worse, during operation.
The conversion from torque to clamping force depends on the type of bolt material, its diameter, and how much lubrication we apply to the bolt. Here is the formula that takes these factors into account and relates bolt torque and clamping force:
You should note that this formula is only an approximation, as it does not take into account the bolt thread pitch (the angle and density of threads). You can learn more about a bolt's thread pitch by checking out our thread pitch calculator.
The first thing is to set the constant K that depends on the bolt material. Either choose from the bolt types listed, or if you know the value of K for the bolts you are using, select "Enter a custom constant K" under for bolt type and enter the value directly into the calculator. Note that the K values for the different bolt types are valid for bolts between 1/4 and 1 inch.
Moving on to the lubrication section, either select one of the available lubricants or directly input the lubrication factor for your lubricant by choosing the "Enter a custom lubrication factor" option under lubricant.
Let's show you how to do the bolt torque calculation on paper, so you understand how our calculator works. Let's say you have a zinc-plated mild-steel bolt with a diameter of 3/4 inch (or 1/16 ft), lubricated with SAE 30 oil (40% lubrication factor). The specification for this bolt fixing says the clamping force needs to be 25,000 lbs.
The calculated value At is not based on the minimum root diameter. This value is slightly larger than the area defined by the root diameter to account for the added strength of the actual thread in the bolt cross section. A more conservative value would be the minimum root diameter of the bolt which disregards the area of the spiraling thread. For hollow threaded parts, use the minimum root diameter.
An option is to calculate shear area using a 1-in. length of engagement. This gives shear area per unit length, and minimizes recalculation if the length of engagement changes. Multiplying the shear area per unit length by the length of engagement gives the actual shear area.
Specialized torque charts are a better option for taking advantage of this range without going through a series of calculations for each application. They also determine the correct torque and bolt load under derated conditions.
For instance, the accompanying chart for Grade 5 and 8 bolts was developed from a computer program that calculates thread dimensions and stress areas from the previous equations. However, the program differs from the calculations in two areas. One is that a stress concentration factor of 1.2 adjusts for unequal load distribution on the first engaged thread. The other is that external minor diameters are calculated by nontypical formulas provided in ASME B1.1-1989.
The most important factor affecting the relationship between torque and tension, and therefore the appropriate amount of torque, is friction. There are several factors that can affect the amount of friction in a bolted joint, including:
A typical test setup is shown in the photo below. It consists of a test bolt, test washer, and test nut loosely fitted in a test fixture called a Skidmore. The test fixture contains a load cell that can measure the amount of tension in the joint.
The nut is turned slowly until a preset amount of tension is reached. As the joint is tightened, this action stretches the bolt, creating a clamp load on the joint (in this case, the Skidmore). The amount of torque needed to rotate the nut to the desired tension is measured.
Another function is to help to check the maintainability. If you introduce the screw standard and thread size you will have the link to the recommended 3D models tools in order to check the required space to apply torque and to remove the screw. This will help to check that the design is easy to mantain and prevent future redesign process during the assembly. You only have to insert the tool in your 3D model and you will see that the bolt head clearance for the wrench, spanner or socket is enough.
The SkyCiv Bolt Torque Calculator is a free tool to help determine the correct amount of rotational force needed to tighten a bolt. Torque is a measure of the conversion of linear force to rotational force at a distance from the axis of rotation. The below tool can also be used as a clamping force calculator when the clamp force option is selected in the input panel. 152ee80cbc
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