Just wanted to share a CGA rule that creates a simple pipe network from the street network using primitive shapes. Think pipe and ball-joint style. I didn't see anything on this, but I hope I'm not duplicating effort. Only attribute is the diameter in meters. The pipes are colored yellow and untextured. The joints/junctions are used to insert a primitiveSphere to make it look more connected. The pipe network (street network) must be curveless, any curves will disorient the shape creation method (maybe a insertAlongUV method could be in the future that would adjust for curve). However, curves can still be replicated by smaller straight edges.

The street width gives an initial shape from which to launch a primitiveQuad from which to base the cylinder scope. The street width needs to be smaller than the diameter of the pipe or you will the shape stick out from the inside, and the street width does not effect the maximum scope size but it does bring the minimum scope size up. The min arc radius needs to be "0" to bring the pipes as close to joint as possible.


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The initial start shapes are "Lines" for the pipes, and "Joint" for the intersections. Hopefully it works from initial application to the street network but if not, create a line with these settings, set it to a new graph default setup and go from there extending the network.

The designs depict an array of themes, most of which relate to interior Alaska. One is covered with fish, one with snowflakes, one with fireweed (a common local wildflower) and one with the iconic musk ox. A couple of the pipes portray native Alaskans, and several of them are characterized by a fanciful, cartoon-like style.

Fine sediment particles are smaller than the width of a human hair and are so light that they can remain suspended in Lake Tahoe (i.e., not sink) for years, even decades, degrading its deep water clarity. Sources of fine sediment include road sands that are applied to our streets in the winter; dirt and pollutants from streets, parking lots and neighborhoods; and even erosion of roads and other surfaces. All this material washes into storm drains and pollutes the Lake.

The Boston Water and Sewer Commission said the issue involved a fire pipe that services the Target on Boylston Street. Water service was restored as of 2 p.m. and crews were working to clean up the roads.

City fire officials said emergency crews were called around 6:30 p.m. to the 400 block of West Pratt Street near Eutaw Street for a report of a steam pipe explosion. Mud and debris covered the ground.

The mayor's office said a BGE crew was working to install a gas line. BGE said its crews struck an unmarked pipe, causing a water leak. DPW was contacted, and the leak caused the steam line to rupture, BGE said. The steam system in the area has since been turned off.

At one time in the United States, the use of asbestos cement (AC) pipe in drinking water distribution systems was very popular. It was first installed as early as the 1930s with the peak of installation in the mid-20th century. It was used because of its light weight, low coefficient of friction and resistance to corrosion. Unfortunately, it was later discovered through scientific studies that people who consume water with high amounts of asbestos over extended periods may face an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps and an increased risk of cancer, including mesothelioma. Because of this, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated regulations to monitor the level of asbestos in drinking water.

Pipe break rates are one indicator of the condition of water pipes in a distribution network. A Utah State University study showed U.S. break rates for cast iron (CI) pipe at 35/100 miles/year, an increase of 43 percent over the past 6 years.6 While CI pipe break rates are high, AC pipe break rates are also significant and are increasing dramatically (the same study showed U.S. break rates for AC of 10/100 miles/year, an increase of 46 percent over the past 6 years). More disturbing among engineers is that while CI pipe failures usually start small (with just a pinhole leak) and gradually grow to a full break, giving early warning before a catastrophic main break occurs, AC pipe often fails catastrophically when it first breaks without prior warning.

Asbestos cement pipe was originally used because of its light weight, low coefficient of friction and resistance to corrosion. Unfortunately, it was later discovered that people who consume water with high amounts of asbestos over extended periods may face an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps and an increased risk of cancer, including mesothelioma.

1.Total AC pipe replacement: With this approach, the end result is that there is no AC remaining, so the entire risk has diminished. However, a typical cost for total replacement is $1M/mile and the process can take as long as 50-100 years.

3.Pipe-level, detailed physical condition assessment: This results in a very accurate and reliable assessment of the pipe tested and may only take a few months. However, costs can range from $20,000 to $50,000/mile, and it only provides analysis on the specific chosen pipe. Physical condition assessments tend to be labor intensive and multiple physical measurements are required for correlation and confirmation. The results are difficult to extrapolate to system-wide recommendations. Moreover, one must be careful not to disturb the integrity of the AC pipe during testing.

4.Digital condition assessment using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning: Machine learning consumes large, complex data sets containing more variables than humans can process with current tools. This objective, data-driven method overcomes human limitations with their inherent subjectivity and biases and provides results that help utilities make effective AC pipe replacement decisions. A commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) digital condition assessment solution using machine learning can provide a condition assessment of an entire water distribution system in 4-8 weeks at a cost of less than $100 per mile.

Technology company Fracta (Redwood City, Calif.) is currently working with over 30 U.S. water utilities on condition assessments of their potable water systems using its proprietary COTS digital water main condition assessment software. It calculates and visualizes the Likelihood of Failure (LoF) for every water pipe segment. The LoF score represents the mathematical probability of a pipe failure and, used in conjunction with Consequence of Failure (CoF), level of service, hydraulic modeling, etc., can support AC pipe replacement decisions.

Digital condition assessment tools using machine learning are commercially available. They offer a fast, accurate and affordable alternative for identifying AC pipe failure risk as compared to traditional desktop and physical assessment methodologies. Incorporating the use of such tools in a proper AC pipe management program a can contribute to the reduction of health risks and related socioeconomic impacts incurred from aging and deteriorating AC pipe. WW

The Superpipe gives us the opportunity to host major qualifying events, bringing in elite athletes competing for the dream of making the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team via events such as the U.S. Revolution Tour.

For Mid-Atlantic skiers and snowboarders, the pipe is also an opportunity for our local and regional athletes to develop their skills and work toward competing at the highest levels. Each year, the goal of the Seven Springs Parks & Pipes team is to provide progressive parks that cater to skiers and snowboarders of all ability levels, creating the perfect place to learn and grow new skills. The Superpipe represents the highest levels of those ambitions.

Freestyle Terrain Areas are marked with an orange oval and may contain jump, boxes, rails, stalls, half-pipes, quarter-pipes and other constructed or naturally occurring features. Prior to using Freestyle Terrain, you are responsible for familiarizing yourself and obeying all instructions, warnings and signs.

Correct me if I'm wrong but the pipe cannot be shown as a Crossing if it doesn't cross the alignment. We manually draw an ellipse. If there is something we are missing I would like to know because that is a pain.

If I connect each lateral to the main with a structure, I can display the structure in the profile which will, in turn, show the connected pipes (I can even display just the connected pipes and turn off the structure outline), but then I have a segmented main instead of one long pipe.

I agree as well; it is a pain. Would be great to see a solution for this - like if there were the option to reference a pipe crossing to an alignment different from what the profile view uses. Like "projecting" a crossing or something in that vein of thought.

There is no automated way to accomplish this. As mentioned before, if the pipe doesn't cross the alignment, it can't be shown as a crossing pipe for the profile view. Same issue happens if you want to show where a pipe crosses another pipe but the alignment isn't for the adjacent pipe (i.e. the profile is for the center of the road, the storm sewer runs parallel to the road, and you want to show where the sanitary crosses the storm). The crossing will show where it crosses the alignment only.

I have similar issues, but haven't found a great solution. For longer roadways, I usually create an alignment and profile along the pipe network running parallel with the alignment, which allows me to display the crossing pipes intelligently. I put this profile just above my roadway center line profile and manually place the crossings into the roadway center line profile using the structures or pipe as a base point. It is far from a perfect solution, but allows me to quickly check the intelligent pipe crossings against the dummy blocks I put in the roadway profile. 2351a5e196

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