Pasteuria ramosa

What Is It?

•Pasteuria ramosa is a “spore forming” bacterial parasite that once ingested through filtration feeding, it causes premature death

- Spore forming is a form of asexual reproduction, when a sporangia burst, spores are obtained by another host.

•It was originally found in the body cavity of 3 Daphnia species

•Polymorphic(changes forms) life cycle

- beginning with the appearance of arrangement of leaves and ended with the development of single, oval endospores

Taxonomy:

Domain: bacteria
- Kingdom: eubacteria
  - Phylum: bacillota
    - Class: bacilli
      - Order: bacillale
        Family: pasteuriaceae
        Genus: pasteuria
        Species: Pastueria ramosa

How It Works....

1.Host encounter with the parasite

2.Parasites enter the host tissue

3. Proliferation

- parasite rapidly grows in numbers, causing gigantism

4. Death and the parasite releases to infect other hosts

Experiments:

•They conducted three different experiments that were designed to;

1. See if one parasite could go through one host and then have a “second chance” to infect another host

2. If the survival of the parasite determined on the phenotype and genotype of the first host

3. They also tested if the survival rate and infection rates were affected by extreme conditions such as temperature

Results/Conclusion:

•Experiment I: Not surprisingly the experiment went as expected. The susceptible genotypes got infected, and the resistant genotypes did not.

•Experiment II: infection rates of susceptible genotypes increased with dose, and ranged from 0% to 15%, on average at the lowest dose to 20% and 78% at the highest dose.

•Experiment III: the parasites were still alive and well after being frozen for several weeks. The resistant genotype 16 was uninfected at both doses, and the susceptible genotype 4 was infected, on average 90% and 86% at the doses of 100,000 spores and 1 million spores

References:

Bento, G., Routtu, J., Fields, P. D., Bourgeois, Y., Pasquier, L. D., & Ebert, D. (n.d.). The genetic basis of resistance and matching-allele Interactions of a host-parasite system: The daphnia magna-pasteuria ramosa model. PLOS Genetics. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006596

Duneau, D., Luijckx, P., Ben-Ami, F., Laforsch, C., & Ebert, D. (2011, February 22). Resolving the infection process reveals striking differences in the contribution of environment, genetics and phylogeny to host-parasite interactions - BMC biology. BioMed Central. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-9-11

King, K. C., Auld, S. K. J. R., Wilson, P. J., James, J., & Little, T. J. (2013, February). The bacterial parasite pasteuria ramosa is not killed if it fails to infect: Implications for coevolution. Ecology and evolution. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586630/

Spore formation | definition, examples, diagrams - toppr.com. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.toppr.com/ask/en- us/content/concept/spore-formation-201524/

Images:

•http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2012/01/pasteuria-ramosa.html

•https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065308X15000809

•https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2656.12352

•https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586630/

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