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Whist is a descendant of the 16th-century game of trump or ruff. Whist replaced the popular variant of trump known as ruff and honours.[4][5] The game takes its name from the 17th-century whist (or wist) meaning quiet, silent, attentive, which is the root of the modern wistful.[6]

According to Daines Barrington, whist was first played on scientific principles by a party of gentlemen who frequented the Crown Coffee House in Bedford Row, London, around 1728.[7] Edmond Hoyle, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years.

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In 1862, Henry Jones, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published The Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and Its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through, which became the standard text.[7] In his book, Jones outlined a comprehensive history of Whist, and suggested that its ancestors could include a game called Trionf, mentioned by a sixteenth century Italian poet named Berni, and a game called Trump (or Triumph), mentioned in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra.[8] Many subsequent editions and enlargements of Jones's book were published using the simpler title Cavendish On Whist. By this time, whist was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master.

In the 1890s, a variant known as bridge whist became popular which eventually evolved into contract bridge. The traditional game of whist survives at social events called whist drives.[9] There are many modern variants of whist played for fun.

The name "whist" has become attached to a wide variety of games, most based on Classic Whist. McLeod classifies Whist games into a number of sub-groups: the Auction Whist, Boston, Classic Whist and Exact Bidding groups, and games played by numbers of players other than four. The following is a selection within each sub-group.

At the sound of that name, falling unexpectedly into this annoying affair, the Assistant Commissioner dismissed brusquely the vague remembrance of his daily whist party at his club. It was the most comforting habit of his life, in a mainly successful display of his skill without the assistance of any subordinate. He entered his club to play from five to seven, before going home to dinner, forgetting for those two hours whatever was distasteful in his life, as though the game were a beneficent drug for allaying the pangs of moral discontent.

Many historical romance novels feature card rooms at balls, clubs or dinner parties and gaming hells where rakes wager over the turn of a card or toss of a dice. Many games that are no longer familiar to us are rattled off: hazard, piquet, faro, and whist. Often, the games chosen have meaning for the characters playing. A man who plays hazard is a great risk taker, where someone who knows how to play whist is a serious strategist and likely has a good memory for counting cards.

Tokens or chips were originally used to record the score, but later in the 19th century dial counters and hinged pegs (or turnups) that snapped up to keep track of the score. Cheaper versions included cardboard and leather dial types and the more elaborate more expensive varieties might include exotic woods, ivory, mother of pearl. Two of the well-known producers of whist counters or whist markerswere Goodall & Sons and De La Rue.

This page describes the classic game of Whist which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. Whist was derived from the older game Ruff and Honours, and in the twentieth century, Bridge has displaced Whist as the most popular card game internationally among serious card players. Nevertheless, Whist continues to be played in Britain, often in local tournaments called "whist drives".

The classic game of whist is a plain-trick game without bidding for 4 players in fixed partnerships. Although the rules are extremely simple there is enormous scope for scientific play, and in its heyday a large amount of literature about how to play whist was written.

Instead of determining trumps by facing the last card in the deal, an alternative is to fix the trump suit in advance. In this case it is normal to go through the trump suits in a fixed sequence - for the first deal hearts are trumps, for the second deal diamonds, then spades, then clubs, then hearts again, and so on. This method is commonly used in tournaments, such as whist drives.

Doncaster Whist Club is an active and friendly club that runs whist drives in various formats four evenings per week. A series of articles on How to Play Whist has been written by its leader Brian Furniss.

The game of whist seems simple enough, but playing it, one quickly realizes that one must use careful strategy to play the game to advantage. The most basic strategy is to keep track of which cards have been played, particularly the court cards. Advanced players, especially playing with other good players, can begin to figure out which cards each player holds simply by observing which cards they play and remembering which cards everyone has played.

Bid whist, a card game of bidding with partners to earn points, originated in London. Today it's a favorite among African-Americans. The game of acuity and trash talking is played at family and social gatherings and has come to serve as both a generational and cultural bridge. Greg Morrison is co-author of "Rise and Fly: Tall Tales and Mostly True Rules of Bid Whist." He spoke with NPR's Ed Gordon.

GORDON: The title "Rise and Fly," again for people that do not know the phenomenon of bid whist or are unfamiliar with the terminology, this is all a part of particularly how African-Americans play it. When you lose, typically there are other folks sitting around waiting to get on that table, and it's time for you to, in this vernacular...

Mr. MORRISON: I was at a bid whist tournament in Atlanta and watching people, and these folks came in from Houston, from Los Angeles, from Detroit, from New York, from Miami. Even folks who had evacuated from New Orleans and the Gulf Coast managed to get to Atlanta for this tournament, and they play it as if their lives depended on it. It's a bit eerie at times because I love the game, but these people are seriously intense. And there are some people who will play morning, noon and night. My grandmother was one of those. My favorite story about her is she would leave the house on Friday evening with a bag that had her toiletries, her medicine, a change of clothes, come home Sunday night, sometimes Monday morning, and she had gone to play bid whist all weekend.

Mr. MORRISON: Well, come on. I mean, the expression `running a Boston' is the classic example of class talking. It goes back to the days when the waiters and the porters on the trains would play bid whist at night after everyone else in the train had gone to sleep. And if they're on, say, the Southern Crescent run going from New Orleans back to New York and on to Boston, they would play cards all night. And the running expression was `I'd beat that guy so bad, I'd beat him from New Orleans to Boston,' ergo `running a Boston.' And that's just the beginning of it. It is best, however, not to talk trash until after you've won the hand, because eating crow can be very painful.

Mr. MORRISON: It bridges class and culture. I have run across African-Americans of every class level, culture level, educational level, who play whist and will sit down, and everybody from the guy in the three-piece suit to the homeboy or homegirl can sit down and play whist and sit across the table and talk to each other, and sometimes talk about each other. I challenge you to find a black reunion, a black function, whether it's a professional group or a family group, where there isn't a bid whist game going at some point during the event if it's more than two days and you've got more than 20 people there.

Whist is the 18th-century ancestor to many trick-taking card games, such as Bridge or Hearts. In its original form, it is a fun game of strategy and communication between four players. A more recent and complex variant, called bid whist or contract whist, has the players bet on how many tricks they can take before the game begins.

Whist is a trick taking game for either 2 players or 2 teams of 2 players. Whist uses a standard 52 playing card deck with Aces high and 2s low. The trump suit changes with each deal. The objective of whist is to be the first team or player to reach 5 points

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Whist is a descendant of the 16th century game of trump or ruff.[3][4] The game takes its name from the 17th century whist (or wist, or whisk) meaning quiet, silent, attentive, which is the root of the modern wistful.[5]

Whist is first described by Charles Cotton in his The Compleat Gamester, published in London in 1674. It appears again in Seymour's Court Gamester of 1719, and we know that whist was played in some coffee houses in London. About 1728, a group led by the first Lord Folkestone played in Crown's coffee house in Bedford Row, London. They began to develop its potential as a partnership game.[6]

Many basic ideas in card-play were discovered by whist players, and survive today in contract bridge. An example is the finesse. This is an attempt to win a trick with a card lower than your best. For example: holding AQ73 in the South hand, the partnership lacks the K. North leads a low card, next hand plays low and South plays the Q. If it wins, an extra trick has been made. 2351a5e196