The Assembly Registration tool reads the metadata within an assembly and adds the necessary entries to the registry, which allows COM clients to create .NET Framework classes transparently. Once a class is registered, any COM client can use it as though the class were a COM class. The class is registered only once, when the assembly is installed. Instances of classes within the assembly cannot be created from COM until they are actually registered.
You can use the /regfile option to generate a .reg file that contains the registry entries instead of making the changes directly to the registry. You can update the registry on a computer by importing the .reg file with the Registry Editor tool (Regedit.exe). The .reg file does not contain any registry updates that can be made by user-defined register functions. The /regfile option only emits registry entries for managed classes. This option does not emit entries for TypeLibIDs or InterfaceIDs.
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When you specify the /tlb option, Regasm.exe generates and registers a type library describing the types found in the assembly. Regasm.exe places the generated type libraries in the current working directory or the directory specified for the output file. Generating a type library for an assembly that references other assemblies may cause several type libraries to be generated at once. You can use the type library to provide type information to development tools like Visual Studio. Don't use the /tlb option if the assembly you are registering was produced by the Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe). You cannot export a type library from an assembly that was imported from a type library. Using the /tlb option has the same effect as using the Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe) and Regasm.exe, with the exception that Tlbexp.exe does not register the type library it produces. If you use the /tlb option to register a type library, you can use the /tlb option with the /unregister option to unregister the type library. Using the two options together will unregister the type library and interface entries, which can clean the registry considerably.
When you register an assembly for use by COM, Regasm.exe adds entries to the registry on the local computer. More specifically, it creates version-dependent registry keys that allow multiple versions of the same assembly to run side by side on a computer. The first time an assembly is registered, one top-level key is created for the assembly, and a unique subkey is created for the specific version. Each time you register a new version of the assembly, Regasm.exe creates a subkey for the new version.
After registering an assembly using Regasm.exe, you can install it in the global assembly cache so that it can be activated from any COM client. If the assembly is only going to be activated by a single application, you can place it in that application's directory. Using the /codebase option is an alternative to using the global assembly cache; however, the location of the assembly during registration is recorded globally and activation will fail if the assembly is moved. If the assembly isn't found through probing, the /codebase option will load the assembly in a load-from context that has additional considerations documented in Assembly.LoadFrom.
The Assembly Binding Log Viewer displays details for assembly binds. This information helps you diagnose why the .NET Framework cannot locate an assembly at run time. These failures are usually the result of an assembly deployed to the wrong location, a native image that is no longer valid, or a mismatch in version numbers or cultures. The common language runtime's failure to locate an assembly typically shows up as a TypeLoadException in your application.
Select the Custom option button to view bind failures in a custom directory that you specify. You must specify the custom location where you want the runtime to store the logs by setting the custom log location in the Log Settings dialog to a valid directory name. This directory should be clean, and only contain files that the runtime generates. If it contains an executable that generates a failure to be logged, the failure will not be logged because the tool tries to create a directory with the same name as the executable. In addition, an attempt to run an executable from the log location will fail.
When an assembly is loaded as domain neutral, for example by setting the LoaderOptimization property to LoaderOptimization.MultiDomain or LoaderOptimization.MultiDomainHost, turning on logging might leak memory in some cases. This can happen if a log entry is made when a domain-neutral module is loaded into an application domain, and later the application domain is unloaded. The log entry might not be released until the process ends. Some debuggers automatically turn on logging.
Gacutil.exe provides options that support reference counting similar to the reference counting scheme supported by Windows Installer. You can use Gacutil.exe to install two applications that install the same assembly; the tool keeps track of the number of references to the assembly. As a result, the assembly will remain on the computer until both applications are uninstalled. If you are using Gacutil.exe for actual product installations, use the options that support reference counting. Use the /i and /r options together to install an assembly and add a reference to count it. Use the /u and /r options together to remove a reference count for an assembly. Be aware that using the /i and /u options alone does not support reference counting. These options are appropriate for use during product development but not for actual product installations.
Use the /il or /ul options to install or uninstall a list of assemblies stored in an ANSI text file. The contents of the text file must be formatted correctly. To use a text file to install assemblies, specify the path to each assembly on a separate line in the file. The following example demonstrates the contents of a file containing assemblies to install.
To use a text file to uninstall assemblies, specify the fully qualified assembly name for each assembly on a separate line in the file. The following example demonstrates the contents of a file containing assemblies to uninstall.
Note that the previous command might remove more than one assembly from the assembly cache because the assembly name is not fully specified. For example, if both version 1.0.0.0 and 3.2.2.1 of hello are installed in the cache, the command gacutil /u hello removes both of the assemblies.
The following command installs myDll.dll into the global assembly cache and adds a reference to count it. The assembly myDll.dll is used by the application MyApp. The UNINSTALL_KEY MyApp parameter specifies the registry key that adds MyApp to Add/Remove Programs in Windows. The description parameter is specified as My Application Description.
The following command installs myDll.dll into the global assembly cache and adds a reference to count it. The scheme parameter, FILEPATH, and the id parameter, c:\applications\myApp\myApp.exe, specify the path to the application that is installing myDll.dll. The description parameter is specified as MyApp.
With a debugger you can step through the program assembly interactively.
With a disassembler, you can view the program assembly in more detail.
With a decompiler, you can turn a program back into partial source code, assuming you know what it was written in (which you can find out with free tools such as PEiD - if the program is packed, you'll have to unpack it first OR Detect-it-Easy if you can't find PEiD anywhere. DIE has a strong developer community on github currently).
Now, assembly language is a computer language where each command word in the language represents exactly one op-code on the processor. There is a direct 1:1 translation between an assembly language command and a processor op-code. This is why coding assembly for an x386 processor is different than coding assembly for an ARM processor.
Disassembly is simply this: a program reads through the binary (the machine code), replacing the op-codes with their equivalent assembly language commands, and outputs the result as a text file. It's important to understand this; if your computer can read the binary, then you can read the binary too, either manually with an op-code table in your hand (ick) or through a disassembler.
However, there are caveats to the disassembly approach. Variable names are non-existent; such a thing doesn't exist to your CPU. Library calls are confusing as hell and often require disassembling further binaries. And assembly is hard as hell to read in the best of conditions.
If you are just trying to figure out what a malware does, it might be much easier to run it under something like the free tool Process Monitor which will report whenever it tries to access the filesystem, registry, ports, etc...
You may get some information viewing it in assembly, but I think the easiest thing to do is fire up a virtual machine and see what it does. Make sure you have no open shares or anything like that that it can jump through though ;)
Immunity Debugger is a powerful tool to write exploits, analyze malware, and reverse engineer binary files. It was initially based on Ollydbg 1.0 source code, but with names resoution bug fixed. It has a well supported Python API for easy extensibility, so you can write your python scripts to help you out on the analysis.
I've trying to deploy some code to a client machine, where I don't want to install MS windows SDK tools. This means don't have access to "gacutil". I also have not created an installer for my code. It seems that these might be the only two options in .net 4.0. be457b7860
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