Viral is a 2016 American science fiction horror film directed by Ariel Schulman and Henry Joost and written by Christopher Landon and Barbara Marshall. It stars Sofia Black-D'Elia, Lio Tipton,[a] Travis Tope, Machine Gun Kelly, and Michael Kelly. The film was released on July 29, 2016, in a limited release and through video on demand, by Dimension Films.[2]
On April 29, 2014, it was announced Lio Tipton[a] had been cast in the lead role of the film, with Ariel Schulman and Henry Joost directing the film, with Jason Blum of Blumhouse Productions producing the film.[4] On May 1, 2014, it was announced Sofia Black-D'Elia had been cast in the role of Emma.[5] On May 14, 2014, it was announced Linzie Grey had been cast in the film as Gracie, Emma's best friend.[6] On May 23, 2014, it was announced Michael Kelly had been cast as Emma's father.[7]
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In May 2015, Dimension Films set the film for a February 19, 2016, release date.[8] In January 2016, it was announced the film had been pulled from the schedule.[9] When Filmyard Holdings sold Miramax to beIN Media Group on March 2, 2016, Miramax was no longer the production company of Viral.[10][11] The film was released on July 29, 2016, through video on demand prior to being released in home-media formats on August 2, 2016.[12] The film has a 53% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 4.57/10.[13]
Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) under ultraviolet (UV) light produces a strong oxidative effect and may therefore be used as a photocatalytic disinfectant. Although many studies on the photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria have been reported, few studies have addressed virus inactivation. In the present study, we demonstrated the inactivation of influenza virus through TiO(2) photocatalysis using TiO(2) nanoparticles immobilized on a glass plate. The influences of the UV intensity, UV irradiation time and bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration in the viral suspensions on the inactivation kinetics were investigated. Additionally, we also determined whether the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodology for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO(2) photocatalysis could be applied to the evaluation of antiviral activity. The viral titers were dramatically reduced by the photocatalytic reaction. Even with a low intensity of UV-A (0.01 mW cm(-2)), a viral reduction of approximately 4-log(10) was observed within a short irradiation time. The viral inactivation kinetics were associated with the exposure time, the UV intensity and the BSA concentration in virus suspensions. These results show that TiO(2) photocatalysis could be used to inactivate the influenza virus. Furthermore, a minor modification of the ISO test method for anti-bacterial effects of TiO(2) photocatalysis could be useful for the evaluation of antiviral activity.
In producing Rebel's Run, Viral Films Media will be working together with an outstanding team of creators and production professionals to produce an independent live-action superhero film. The creative and production team includes Arkhaven Comics, scriptwriters Vox Day and legendary comic book writer Chuck Dixon, director Scooter Downey and production company Galatia Films with Daniel McNicoll and Nuala Barton producing.
The in vitro experiments also showed that, while viral titer significantly decreases within the first 4 weeks of storage, this loss remains relatively stable between the 4 and 12 week marks. This may suggests that there are multiple degradation mechanisms within the PT films. Further investigation into the degradation of viruses within the PT film may help to improve thermal stability by limiting the initial loss of viral titer. One drawback of using PT films as a stabilization method is that, although the rate of titer loss for samples stored in PT films is much lower than in samples stored in solution, titer loss still occurs over time. Consequently, it is necessary to use higher initial doses in order to compensate for this activity loss. One solution to this problem is to optimize the formulation, preparation, and storage conditions of the PT films, a process which we have documented in a previous study wherein we demonstrated how PT films can be used to improve the long-term stability of bacteriophages42.
Despite the titer loss for live viruses in PT films, there was no observable loss in efficacy for inactivated IAV viral vaccines. This was likely due to the fact that the inactivated viral vaccine only required the preservation of the antigenic proteins rather than infectivity of the virus itself. Thus, although PT films may need to be further optimized for live-attenuated vaccines, the in vivo results showed that they can afford long-term stability for inactivated vaccines without further optimization. Moreover, since previous studies have shown that pullulan and trehalose films are capable of providing thermo-stability for other labile biomolecules, we suggest extending research on this technology to other types of vaccines, such as recombinant or conjugate vaccines.
In addition to thermal stabilization, another benefit of drying vaccines in PT film is the ease of administration it affords for certain applications. Since pullulan is a water-soluble film-forming agent, vaccines dried in PT film do not require reconstitution and can be directly administered in a film format. This is especially useful for vaccines that enter the body through mucosal surfaces, such as those that are compatible with oral or vaginal administration. Furthermore, along with being easier to administer, the use of vaccine films can also minimize storage space requirements.
Overall, we have shown a simple and versatile method for thermally protecting viral vectors using pullulan and trehalose films. This technology has the potential to solve the cold chain problem and in turn greatly improving global health by providing people around the world with access to vaccines.
This critique -- which is now going viral, for all the wrong reasons -- comes courtesy of Armond White of the National Review ... which is a well-known conservative outlet, so keep that in mind as we guide you through this nonsense.
If that sounds unhinged, that's because it is ... that's certainly how Twitter feels about it, anyway. They're unloading on White's hyperbole over something as benign as a concert film.
Like a lot of horror fans, I'm both more forgiving and more critical of the genre. I know, from experience, that those who love horror movies will often overlook flaws simply because they so badly want their genre to become more respectable and critically acclaimed. Horror fans seek out under-the-radar gems, and embrace their genre's most creative voices. However, it also feels like that blind love for the horror genre can be abused by lazy filmmaking. I get angry when it feels like a fan base is being exploited because, well, "they'll see it anyway because they liked the last one." We've seen this in countless bad horror sequels. And it's exactly what we're seeing here with "V/H/S: Viral."
Brian Tallerico is the Managing Editor of RogerEbert.com, and also covers television, film, Blu-ray, and video games. He is also a writer for Vulture, The Playlist, The New York Times, and GQ, and the President of the Chicago Film Critics Association.
One way to appease the YouTube algorithm is to create a film based on a genre or topic that is trending. Go online and research what types of short films are going viral at the moment. Are horror films spiking, or are dystopian themed films popular because of the recent release of The Hunger Games? What is trending in the news? Do your research and pick a genre or topic that has a following. A great source to identify trending topics is Google Trends:
For example, YouTube analytics can pinpoint the exact time viewers are clicking out of your video. If viewers are consistently clicking out during dialogue, you either need to improve your writing, or utilize less dialogue in your films because your viewers may prefer more physical action. If viewers are clicking out at the beginning of your film, you probably need a more engaging hook. Whatever it is, analytics is a great tool for improving your work.
The average youtube channel gets an audience retention rate of 35% to 40%. The majority of viewers leave a video in the first few seconds. Often times, your video may be automatically played after another based on the YouTube algorithm. That means the viewer did not choose to watch your video, but instead, YouTube selected it for them. Therefore, you only have a few seconds to convince a viewer your video is worth watching. How? Have an engaging hook by using comedy, shock, a punchline, action, etc. Maybe you want to stun the viewer with your masterful use of cinematography, or maybe you want to tease a big reveal later in the video? It all depends on your video content, your strengths as a filmmaker, and your audience. Whatever you choose to do for your intro, check your video analytics and learn from them. What was either effective or ineffective in other videos you created?
Do a keyword Search. A huge mistake most creators make is they try to be clever with titles, descriptions, tags, etc. It not about being a writer or a poet. Instead, you need to your homework when it comes to SEO. Search Engine Optimization is key when it comes to prepping your video for its viral debut. Use tools like Google Ads Keyword Planner, Keywords Everywhere, or Rank Tracker to see what is trending. Identify the words that you believe are most relevant to your video and test them out. Which ones are ranking the best with your target demographic? Which ones are oversaturated? Once you have your words, there are three places you should focus on using them: title, description, tags. be457b7860
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