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The Bengali era is called Bengali Sambat (BS)[2] or the Bengali year ( Bangla Sn, Bangla sal, or Bangabda)[3] has a zero year that starts in 593/594 CE. It is 594 less than the AD or CE year in the Gregorian calendar if it is before Pyla Bishakh, or 593 less if after Pyla Bishakh.

The revised version of the Bengali calendar was officially adopted in Bangladesh in 1987.[4][5] Among the Bengali community in India, the traditional Indian Hindu calendar continues to be in use, and it sets the Hindu festivals.[citation needed][1]

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Some historians attribute the Bengali calendar to the 7th century Bengali king Shashanka, whose reign covered the Bengali era of 594 CE.[4][6][3] The term Bangabda (Bangla year) is found too in two Shiva temples many centuries older than Akbar era, suggesting that a Bengali calendar existed long before Akbar's time.[3]

Hindus developed a calendar system in ancient times.[7] Jyotisha, one of the six ancient Vedangas,[8][9] was the Vedic era field of tracking and predicting the movements of astronomical bodies in order to keep time.[8][9][10] The ancient Indian culture developed a sophisticated time keeping methodology and calendars for Vedic rituals.[7]

The Hindu Vikrami calendar is named after king Vikramaditya and starts in 57 BC.[11] In rural Bengali communities of India, the Bengali calendar is credited to "Bikromaditto", like many other parts of India and Nepal. However, unlike these regions where it starts in 57 BC, the Bengali calendar starts from 593 suggesting that the starting reference year was adjusted at some point.[12][13]

Various dynasties whose territories extended into Bengal, prior to the early 13th-century, used the Vikrami calendar. For example, Buddhist texts and inscriptions created in the Pala Empire era mention "Vikrama" and the months such as Ashvin, a system found in Sanskrit texts elsewhere in ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent.[14][15]

The current Bengali calendar in use by Bengali people in the Indian states such as West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Jharkhand is based on the Sanskrit text Surya Siddhanta and includes the modifications introduced during the reign of Shashanka, the first independent ruler of Gauda. The timeline Shashanka becoming the sovereign ruler of Bengal rising from a territorial ruler matches with the first year of Bangabda. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.[4] Their calendar remains tied to the Hindu calendar system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.[4]

During the Mughal rule, land taxes were collected from Bengali people according to the Islamic Hijri calendar. This calendar was a lunar calendar, and its new year did not coincide with the solar agricultural cycles. The current Bengali calendar owes its origin in Bengal to the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar who adopted it to time the tax year to the harvest. The Bangla year was therewith called Bangabda. Akbar asked the royal astronomer Fathullah Shirazi to create a new calendar by combining the lunar Islamic calendar and solar Hindu calendar already in use, and this was known as Fasholi shan (harvest calendar). According to some historians, this started the Bengali calendar.[4][17] According to Shamsuzzaman Khan, it could be Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, a Mughal governor, who first used the tradition of Punyaho as "a day for ceremonial land tax collection", and used Akbar's fiscal policy to start the Bangla calendar.[6][18]

It is unclear whether it was adopted by Hussain Shah or Akbar. The tradition to use the Bengali calendar may have been started by Hussain Shah before Akbar. [3] According to Amartya Sen, Akbar's official calendar "Tarikh-ilahi" with the zero year of 1556 was a blend of pre-existing Hindu and Islamic calendars. It was not used much in India outside of Akbar's Mughal court, and after his death the calendar he launched was abandoned. However, adds Sen, there are traces of the "Tarikh-ilahi" that survive in the Bengali calendar. [19] Regardless of who adopted the Bengali calendar and the new year, states Sen, it helped collect land taxes after the spring harvest based on traditional Bengali calendar, because the Islamic Hijri calendar created administrative difficulties in setting the collection date.[3]

Shamsuzzaman Khan wrote, "that it is called Bangla san or saal, which are Arabic and Parsee words respectively, suggests that it was introduced by a Muslim king or sultan."[6] In contrast, according to Sen, its traditional name is Bangabda.[3][20] In the era of the Akbar, the calendar was called as Tarikh-e-Elahi (- ). In the "Tarikh-e-Elahi" version of the calendar, each day of the month had a separate name, and the months had different names from what they have now. According to Banglapedia, Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan reformed the calendar to use a seven-day week that begins on Sunday, and the names of the months were changed at an unknown time to match the month names of the existing Saka calendar.[5] This calendar is the foundation of the calendar that has been in use by the people of Bangladesh.[1][5][3]

In Bangladesh, the government planned to modify the old Bengali calendar again after 2018.[23] The new changes to match national days with West. As a result of the modification (see table), Kartik will start on Thursday (17-10-2019) and the season of Hemanta is delayed by a day as the revised calendar went into effect from Wednesday (16-10-2019).[24]

The Language Martyrs' Day of 21 February, Independence Day of 26 March and Victory Day of 16 December will fall on Falgun 8, Chaitra 12, and Poush 1, respectively of the Bengali calendar for next 100 years now as they did in the Gregorian calendar years 1952 and 1971, according to new rules. In the old Bengali calendar, 21 February fell on Falgun 9 earlier this year. After the change 16 December will fall on Poush 1, not on the second day of the month.

The Bengali Calendar incorporates the seven-day week as used by many other calendars. The names of the days of the week in the Bengali Calendar are based on the Navagraha (Bengali: nbgrh). The day begins and ends at sunrise in the Bengali calendar, unlike in the Gregorian calendar, where the day starts at midnight.

According to some scholars, in the calendar originally introduced by Akbar in the year 1584 AD, each day of the month had a different name, but this was cumbersome, and his grandson Shah Jahan changed this to a 7-day week as in the Gregorian calendar, with the week also starting on a Sunday.[5]

The current Bengali calendar in the Indian states is based on the Sanskrit text Surya Siddhanta. It retains the historic Sanskrit names of the months, with the first month as Baishakh.[4] Their calendar remains tied to the Hindu calendar system and is used to set the various Bengali Hindu festivals.[4]

In Bangladesh, however, the old Bengali calendar was modified in 1966 by a committee headed by Muhammad Shahidullah, making the first five months 31 days long, the rest 30 days each, with the month of Falgun adjusted to 31 days in every leap year.[4] This was officially adopted by Bangladesh in 1987.[4][5]

Bengali calendar is the traditional calendar of West Bengal. Bengali calendar or Bangla calendar follows Bengali San (Bangabda / Banga Shakbdo) era the beginning of which is reckoned from 594 CE. The calendar below shows Bengali date and month along with the Gregorian date following Bisuddha siddhanta (Drik) and Surya siddhanta system.

Bengali calendar is followed by Bengali communities across the world. Most of the Bengali festivals are based on the hindu lunar calendar (Vikram samvat) and tithi. This calendar shows daily tithi, punam, amavasya, ekadashi days, vrats and more.

Bengali festivals reflect the long and rich culture of Bengal region and the people of Bengal celebrate their festivals with great zeal and sentiment. In addition to several festivals/celebrations of regional significance, 13 major festivals are celebrated in Bengal during a calendar year throughout Bengal. No wonder, Bengal has earned the sobrequet of "Land of Festivals".

2023 Bengali calendar images for download. Bengali calendar 2023 January to December (Bangabda 1429 Poush to 1430 Ograhyon) showing Bengali festivals, Ekadashi tithi timings,Amavasya and Purnima dates and more. Interactive version of this calendar is available at Bangla calendar 2023. For detailed panchang, visit Bengali Panjika.

Ans: Gregorian calendar year 2023 is made of two Bengali years 1430 (It consists of 3 months - Magh, Falgun, Chaitra consecutively) and 1431 (It consists of 9 months - Boishakh, Joishtha, Ashar, Srabon, Bhadra, Ashwin, Kartik, Ogrohayon, Poush consecutively)

this app converts a gregorian date to a bangla date. i tried to follow the rules used by if you consider our gregorian year as a ring with 365 tick marks around it, the bangla year can be imagined as a concentric ring with the same number ticks around it - but displaced by enough ticks such that the bangla year always starts with april 14 of the gregorian year. the number of days in the months of the bangla year is not the same as in the gregorian year but the calendars both have the same total number of days in the year.

obviously the years of the 2 calendars overlap. for example, the current banlga year, 1429, started on april 14 of 2022, so even when the gregorian year has reached then end of december and gone on to 2023 for january, the bangla year still remains at 1429.

when leap year comes, we use a different ring, with 366 days. the bangla calendar was adjusted such that the gregorian leap date, feb 29, falls inside the Bangla leap month of Falgun, which normally has 29 days, acquires an extra 1 day during a leap year.

The sun revolves around the sun in 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 47 seconds. In leap years, it is 366 days. The calendar which has been redesigned will have 366 days every four year, said Hossain. ff782bc1db