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In the English language, black sheep is an idiom that describes a member of a group who is different from the rest, especially a family member who does not fit in. The term stems from sheep whose fleece is colored black rather than the more common white; these sheep stand out in the flock and their wool is worth less as it will not dye.

In psychology, "black sheep effect" refers to the tendency of group members to judge likeable ingroup members more positively and deviant ingroup members more negatively than comparable outgroup members.[2]

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In most sheep, a white fleece is not caused by albinism but by a common dominant gene that switches color production off, thus obscuring any other color that may be present.[citation needed] A black fleece is caused by a recessive gene, so if a white ram and a white ewe are each heterozygous for black, about one in four of their lambs will be black. In most white sheep breeds, only a few white sheep are heterozygous for black, so black lambs are usually much rarer than this.

The term originated from the occasional black sheep which are born into a flock of white sheep. Black wool is considered commercially undesirable because it cannot be dyed.[1] In 18th and 19th century England, the black color of the sheep was seen as the mark of the devil.[3] In modern usage, the expression has lost some of its negative connotations, though the term is usually given to the member of a group who has certain characteristics or lack thereof deemed undesirable by that group.[4] Jessica Mitford described herself as "the red sheep of the family", a communist in a family of aristocratic fascists.[5]

In 1988, Marques, Yzerbyt and Leyens conducted an experiment where Belgian students rated the following groups according to trait-descriptors (e.g. sociable, polite, violent, cold): unlikeable Belgian students, unlikeable North African students, likeable Belgian students, and likeable North African students. The results indicated that favorability is considered highest for likeable ingroup members and lowest for unlikeable ingroup members, with the favorability of unlikeable and likeable outgroup members lying between the two ingroup members.[2] These extreme judgements of likeable and unlikeable (i.e., deviant) ingroup members, relatively to comparable outgroup members is called "black sheep effect". This effect has been shown in various intergroup contexts and under a variety of conditions, and in many experiments manipulating likeability and norm deviance.[7][8][9][10]

A prominent explanation of the black sheep effect derives from the social identity approach (social identity theory[11] and self-categorization theory[12]). Group members are motivated to sustain a positive and distinctive social identity and, as a consequence, group members emphasize likeable members and evaluate them more positive than outgroup members, bolstering the positive image of their ingroup (ingroup bias). Furthermore, the positive social identity may be threatened by group members who deviate from a relevant group norm. To protect the positive group image, ingroup members derogate ingroup deviants more harshly than deviants of an outgroup (Marques, Abrams, Pez, & Hogg, 2001).[13]

Even though there is wide support for the black sheep effect, the opposite pattern has been found, for example, that White participants judge unqualified Black targets more negatively than comparable White targets (e.g. Feldman, 1972;[15] Linville & Jones, 1980).[16] Consequently, there are several factors which influence the black sheep effect. For instance, the higher the identification with the ingroup, and the higher the entitativity of the ingroup, the more the black sheep effect emerges.[17][18] Even situational factors explaining the deviance have an influence whether the black sheep effect occurs.[19]

We have a special animal treat this year; the BSG will host the Valais Blacknose Sheep Society's Western Regional Show for 2023. Originating in Switzerland, Valais are known for their cuteness, with very bright white locks and peek-a-boo black faces. You never want to miss the most charming sheep in the barn, and this year the sheep and fiber entries will be spectacular. If you want to learn more about this historic breed, recently introduced to the U.S., a full workshop will be available on Sunday. Taught by Marita Tauni, this will be a unique opportunity to hear about the breed from one of our judges, coming all the way from Sweden.

If you would prefer to pay by phone, please call 661-843-7084 or email us at blacksheepgourmetfoods@gmail.com with a convenient time to call you. We deeply appreciate your interest in Black Sheep Gourmet Foods and for visiting our website and online store!

Inspired by the truffled cheese of Italy, Carr Valley has created this award winning sheep milk cheese which is washed in truffle oil and aged over 6 months. Has a sweet unique earthy flavor from the black truffle pieces throughout the cheese. 006ab0faaa