Question: 

List out the technical and process specifications of LOM and FDM machines.

Answer: 

Technical and Process Specifications of FDM Machines

• Working Principle: FDM is an additive process that uses material extrusion of thermoplastic filaments.

• Materials: It works with a wide range of thermoplastic filaments including PLA, ABS, PETG, Nylon, and various composites.

• Layer Thickness: The typical resolution ranges from 50 to 400 microns (0.05 to 0.4 mm).

• Build Volume: Varies from small desktop printers (~200 x 200 x 200 mm) to large industrial machines (> 900 x 600 x 900 mm).

• Process Parameters: Key parameters include extrusion temperature, build platform temperature, print speed, cooling, and infill density.

• Accuracy: Generally ranges from ±0.2 mm for industrial machines to ±1.0 mm for desktop printers.

• Support Structures: Required for overhangs; can be made from the same material as the part or a separate, soluble material.

• Post-Processing: Involves removing support structures and may include sanding or vapor smoothing.

• Cost: Generally low to medium, making it the most accessible and widely used 3D printing technology.

Technical and Process Specifications of LOM Machines

• Working Principle: LOM is a hybrid additive and subtractive process. It bonds layers of adhesive-coated sheets and then cuts them to shape.

• Materials: Primarily uses paper, but can also work with plastics, ceramics, and metal foils.

• Layer Thickness: The resolution is typically 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm (100 to 200 microns), dictated by the material sheet's thickness.

• Build Volume: LOM is known for its ability to produce large parts with a wide build envelope.

• Process Parameters: Key parameters are laser/blade power and speed, as well as heated roller temperature and pressure.

• Accuracy: The accuracy is generally lower than FDM, depending on the consistency of the material sheets and the precision of the cutter.

• Support Structures: The surrounding, uncut material acts as natural support, so separate supports are not needed.

• Post-Processing: Requires a manual "decubing" step to remove waste material. Paper models may also need sanding and sealing to prevent moisture absorption.

• Cost: Low, as it uses inexpensive and readily available materials like standard paper.