Define the term layer-based manufacturing. Enumerate the differences between model and prototype.

Layer-based manufacturing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, is a manufacturing process where a three-dimensional object is created by adding and joining material layer by layer. The process begins with a digital 3D model, which is then sliced into thin cross-sections by specialized software. An automated machine then builds the object by successively depositing or solidifying material for each layer until the complete part is formed.

This methodology is in direct contrast to subtractive manufacturing, where a part is created by starting with a solid block of material and removing unwanted portions through processes like cutting or drilling. Layer-based manufacturing's key advantage is its ability to create complex geometries, intricate internal features, and customized products with minimal material waste.

Differences Between a Model and a Prototype

While the terms "model" and "prototype" are often used interchangeably, they serve distinct purposes in the product development lifecycle. The primary difference lies in their function: a model is typically a non-functional representation for visualization, while a prototype is a functional or testable version used for evaluation.