In the 90s, when I first came across this framework, it led us/me to focus on areas like media and financial services where the product was end to end digital. And the first industries to be truly disrupted by the Internet were the ones, like media and financial services, that are end to end digital (or can be).
Machine learning algorithms have massively transformed online advertising (just bits), online commerce (just bits on the UI), trading of financial assets (just bits), and our attention (just bits and neurons).
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But in areas where atoms are involved, not so much. There appears to be a growing acknowledgement in the tech sector that the timeline to fully autonomous vehicles is going to be longer than some had thought. It is not that surprising. There are lots of atoms and lives involved.
I am not saying that we should not work on these harder problems. We should. But we should also understand that the timelines will be longer and the road to adoption will be more challenging. That means these efforts will be more capital intensive and should ideally be investable at more attractive valuations. Sadly the latter has not been the case.
That concept was first explained by Nicholas Negroponte in his 1995 book Being Digital where he described the movement from atoms to bits, eg books, CDs that became digital.Today, we can extrapolate further with crypto collectibles, eg cryptoKitties that are another form of conversion to digital goods.
All living systems need price signals acting as incentives and disincentives. We can extend that to ALL systems wrt to their generativity and sustainability. The internet lacks price signals clearing marginal supply and demand. It also lacks redistribution mechanisms sharing the geometric value captured at the core and top with the linear costs borne at the bottom and edge. Those working on distributed systems are going down the same path as those original internet steps.What conclusions would Miller have come to if he were aware of network effects; namely, it is becoming increasingly apparent that network theory is central to everything?
We are thinking along similar lines. I hope your optimism about the evolution of digital filter base social nervous systems is the winning conjecture.I of course was being a little more pessimistic about the limiting factor that may work against that evolutionary pathway ?
sort of. hedging instruments are as old as society itself (the first derivative comes from mesopotamia in order to hedge on long distance trade.) When they become increasingly abstract and based primarily on theory, you get problems
ORmaybe having a banking backstop is just good economic risk management that simply requires the weight of the taxpayer to be credible ?ANDthat taxpayer banking backstop should have government policies that block corporate banking malfeasance
Great comment.Food is AtomsWater is AtomsPower is AtomsPharma is AtomsHealthcare is Atoms.Climate Change is AtomsThese things have the biggest impact on society and need long term investments. Bits of course help manage these atoms better, but the mot substantial impact will come from the innovations that deal directly with atoms.The only entity that can afford to invest on a longer time frame on problem sets with no immediate monetization opportunities are nation-states. State driven R&D has a huge role to play here (Think of where we would be without GPS as an example).
Reality is you are right.UnfortunatelyThat is why our food supply and environment are so screwed up and innovation so challenging to fund, implement and market.And why we need government to put rigors into things that are necessary but not always the easiest change for businesses to do the right thing with.
fixed bits? i wonder if binding value relationships could be established between fixed bits and atoms arranged in a complimentary form? so to access the former an investment needs to be made in the latter. to unlock the value of the bits forem requires an investment to be made in an atoms form.
It depends of your thesis or strategy advantage: China does the reverse and invest in, or are good at, atoms but are terrible with bits. The Shenzen stories where small companies build their own tools and create new devices sounds like science fiction for people who live in bits.
I like this a lot ? Good classifying frameworks are invaluable in moving decision making along (product manager bias anyone)I will add this to my list of handy to have frameworks:1. vitamins or pain killers (mint.com vs quickbooks)2. atoms or bits (see above)3. (is this a) new or better (headspace vs orange fitness)4. (saving) time or money (uber vs wow airlines) yes, yes i am aware that they are interchangeable5. visibile or invisible (bitcoin vs blockchain)What other frameworks do people use?
At some point, bits become atoms. How much more can media and finance improve? Meanwhile, areas like healthcare, which can be majority bits (but not completely) have a huge amount of space to grow. Maybe we should think about amounts of atoms involved.
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Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically1,2. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum memories, usually in the form of fixed quantum bits (qubits), and a means of transferring and entangling the quantum information between memories that may be separated by macroscopic or even geographic distances. Atomic systems are excellent quantum memories, because appropriate internal electronic states can coherently store qubits over very long timescales. Photons, on the other hand, are the natural platform for the distribution of quantum information between remote qubits, given their ability to traverse large distances with little perturbation. Recently, there has been considerable progress in coupling small samples of atomic gases through photonic channels2,3, including the entanglement between light and atoms4,5 and the observation of entanglement signatures between remotely located atomic ensembles6,7,8. In contrast to atomic ensembles, single-atom quantum memories allow the implementation of conditional quantum gates through photonic channels2,9, a key requirement for quantum computing. Along these lines, individual atoms have been coupled to photons in cavities2,10,11,12, and trapped atoms have been linked to emitted photons in free space13,14,15,16,17. Here we demonstrate the entanglement of two fixed single-atom quantum memories separated by one metre. Two remotely located trapped atomic ions each emit a single photon, and the interference and detection of these photons signals the entanglement of the atomic qubits. We characterize the entangled pair by directly measuring qubit correlations with near-perfect detection efficiency. Although this entanglement method is probabilistic, it is still in principle useful for subsequent quantum operations and scalable quantum information applications18,19,20.
This work is supported by the National Security Agency and the Disruptive Technology Office under Army Research Office contract, and the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research (ITR) and Physics at the Information Frontier (PIF) programmes.
The phenomenon of entanglement is a key concept in quantum information science. Atomic systems are promising candidates for quantum 'memories'. These in turn can be coupled and entangled by the exchange of photons, providing the basis of a quantum information processor. The signature of entanglement between remotely located atomic ensembles was recently demonstrated. Now Moehring et al. have achieved entanglement between two single-ion quantum memories separated by a metre. The use of single ions, rather than atomic ensembles, has certain advantages for subsequent quantum operations.
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Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum memories, usually in the form of fixed quantum bits (qubits), and a means of transferring and entangling the quantum information between memories that may be separated by macroscopic or even geographic distances. Atomic systems are excellent quantum memories, because appropriate internal electronic states can coherently store qubits over very long timescales. Photons, on the other hand, are the natural platform for the distribution of quantum information between remote qubits, given their ability to traverse large distances with little perturbation. Recently, there has been considerable progress in coupling small samples of atomic gases through photonic channels, including the entanglement between light and atoms and the observation of entanglement signatures between remotely located atomic ensembles. In contrast to atomic ensembles, single-atom quantum memories allow the implementation of conditional quantum gates through photonic channels, a key requirement for quantum computing. Along these lines, individual atoms have been coupled to photons in cavities, and trapped atoms have been linked to emitted photons in free space. Here we demonstrate the entanglement of two fixed single-atom quantum memories separated by one metre. Two remotely located trapped atomic ions each emit a single photon, and the interference and detection of these photons signals the entanglement of the atomic qubits. We characterize the entangled pair by directly measuring qubit correlations with near-perfect detection efficiency. Although this entanglement method is probabilistic, it is still in principle useful for subsequent quantum operations and scalable quantum information applications. 152ee80cbc
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