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Grey (more common in Commonwealth English) or gray (more common in American English)[2] is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed of black and white.[3] It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash, and of lead.[4]

The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the English language was in 700 CE.[5] Grey is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, while gray is more common in American English; however, both spellings are valid in both varieties of English.[6]

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There are several tones of grey available for use with HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) as named colors, while 254 true greys are available by specification of a hex triplet for the RGB value. All are spelled gray, using the spelling grey can cause errors. This spelling was inherited from the X11 color list. Internet Explorer's Trident browser engine does not recognize grey and renders it green. Another anomaly is that gray is in fact much darker than the X11 color marked darkgray; this is because of a conflict with the original HTML gray and the X11 gray, which is closer to HTML's silver. The three slategray colors are not themselves on the greyscale, but are slightly saturated toward cyan (green + blue). Since there are an even (256, including black and white) number of unsaturated tones of grey, there are two grey tones straddling the midpoint in the 8-bit greyscale. The color name gray has been assigned the lighter of the two shades (128, also known as #808080), due to rounding up.

Gray seals are found in coastal waters throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. They are sometimes called "horseheads" (adult males in particular have large, horse-like heads) because of their large, curved noses. Gray seals gather in large groups during the mating/pupping and molting seasons. Outside of this, they often share their habitat with harbor seals. Gray seals, like all marine mammals, are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. NOAA Fisheries is committed to conserving and protecting gray seals. Our scientists and partners use a variety of innovative techniques to study, learn more about, and protect this species.

In U.S. waters, there is one stock of gray seals, the western North Atlantic stock. There are roughly 450,000 gray seals in Canada and U.S. waters combined. More details about how stock abundance is calculated in Canada and the U.S. can be found in our stock assessment reports.

Gray seals are found across the North Atlantic ocean in coastal areas from mid-Atlantic to the Baltic Sea. There are three stocks of gray seals worldwide: the western North Atlantic stock (eastern Canada and the northeastern United States), the eastern North Atlantic stock (Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Russia), and the Baltic Sea stock. Gray seals can be found on rocky coasts, islands, sandbars, ice shelves, and icebergs. They share habitat with many other species and often live in the same areas as harbor seals.

They may also be disturbed or harassed by the presence of humans and watercraft. Harassment is illegal and happens when any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance might injure them or disrupt their behaviors. Remember to share the shore with gray seals for their safety and yours.

Gray seals are susceptible to water vessel and land vehicle impacts. Inadvertent vessel strikes can injure or kill gray seals. Gray seals are vulnerable to vessel collisions throughout their range, but the risk is much higher in some coastal areas with heavy vessel traffic. Due to gray seal behavior, seals are also vulnerable to vehicles that drive on beaches, which is common in some areas of high gray seal density. Vehicular strikes are often fatal to seals, particularly pup or young seals that haul out high on the beach.

NOAA Fisheries aims to increase public awareness and support for gray seal conservation through education, outreach, and public participation. We share information with the public about the status of gray seals, as well as our research and efforts to promote their recovery.

Determining the size of gray seal populations helps resource managers determine the success of conservation measures. Our scientists collect population information and present the data in annual stock assessment reports.

We use photographs taken from the air to monitor gray seal populations in New England. We monitor the number of gray seal pups born on the following pupping colonies: Muskeget, Monomoy, Nomans Island, and Great Point in Nantucket Sound, as well as Seal, Green, Matinicus Rock, and Wooden Ball Islands off mid-coast Maine. As new colonies are established we add these sites to our monitoring plan. We use the pup counts to estimate the size of the total population.

Our scientists also track gray seals to study their movements and habitat use. This provides insight on where animals may be foraging, important haul-out or pupping areas, seasonal presence in Canada, relationship to predators like white sharks, and use of areas slated for wind energy or other resource development.

Our scientists study gray seal diet using a variety of methods to understand what and how much gray seals eat and where they are foraging, in order to better understand the role of seals in the ecosystem. This helps us better understand direct and indirect effects of seals on commercial and recreational fisheries as well as other important components of the marine food web.

The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) is a medium-sized insectivorous bat with an overall length of about 3.5 inches and a wingspan of 10 to 11 inches. As the name implies, gray bats have gray fur, but the hair often bleaches to reddish-brown by early summer. The gray bat occurs in limestone karst areas, meaning a landscape marked by caves, sinkholes, springs and other features, of the southeastern and midwestern United States. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species range-wide population hibernate in only 15 caves. The gray bat was added to the U.S. List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants on April 28, 1976.

At the time of listing, the main historical threats to the gray bat were human disturbance to roosting bats, environmental contamination, impoundment of waterways and roost modification or destruction. Such roost modifications include cave entrance or mine sealing and other modifications of the internal environment and entrances. The species is also negatively impacted by cave commercialization, improper gating and natural calamities, like cave-ins and flood events. Emerging threats, like interactions with wind turbines and climate change climate change

Climate change includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change, since the mid-20th century humans have had an unprecedented impact on Earth's climate system and caused change on a global scale.

Learn more about climate change have been added as potential threats, since gray bats were first federally listed.

Gray bats are particularly sensitive to human disturbance via cave entry and exploration. Unlike some Myotis species in the midwest and southeast, like the Indiana, northern long-eared and little brown bat species, that typically roost high up in dead-standing trees and out of reach of humans, gray bats roost on the ceilings of caves and rear young in places where humans can disturb them with their presence through physical touch, noise and artificial lighting. To help recover gray bat populations, the 1982 Gray Bat Recovery Plan primarily focused on developing a plan to permanently protect important summer and winter caves from human disturbance. As a result, many gray bat sites were permanently protected through long-term voluntary landowner agreements, like stewardship plans, conservation easements, habitat management plans or memorandum of agreements, that protect sites in perpetuity. Protections typically involve posting signage that asks people not to enter caves when bats could be present. These protection measures can also involve more extreme measures, like building permanent gate structures at the opening of the cave or installing fencing around a cave to prevent human entry. While limiting public access through the use of gating is sometimes unpopular with recreational caving communities and the wider public, it has led to a steady increase in recovery of many gray bat and other bat populations. Some populations that reside within unprotected sites continue to suffer from repeated human disturbance, but overall, the threat from human disturbance has been greatly reduced since the 1970s.

Surveys conducted since 2009 indicate that gray bats do not appear to be susceptible to white-nose syndrome to the same degree as other affected Myotis. No mass mortalities have been documented, although to our knowledge, no studies have attempted to determine if sub-lethal impacts occur in gray bats as a result of white-nose syndrome. Based on the very few observed and confirmed white-nose syndrome affected gray bats and stable population numbers, gray bats appear to be resistant to the disease despite sharing hibernacula with other highly vulnerable species.

Gray bats occupy caves or cave-like structures year-round. While gray bats prefer caves, summer colonies have been documented using dams, mines, quarries, concrete box culverts and the undersides of bridges. Summer caves must be warm or have restricted rooms that can trap the body heat of clustered bats. Winter hibernation sites are often deep vertical caves that trap large volumes of cold air; these caves are naturally very rare. Given that approximately 98% of gray bats roost in as few as 15 major hibernacula, natural calamities at any one of the hibernacula could result in the loss of a significant amount of roosting habitat or bats. Males and females typically hibernate together; however, because of the limited number of suitable caves, gray bats may migrate as many as 500 miles between summer and winter caves. However, based on band recovery data and the distribution of hibernacula and summer colonies across the range, most gray bats are considered regional migrants with migrations shorter than 200 miles. 006ab0faaa