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The use of spironolactone, the most commonly used antimineralocorticoid compound, is limited by the occurrence of sexual endocrine effects. New antagonists are therefore required which lack these unwanted effects. Three 9 alpha,11 alpha-epoxy-derivatives of known aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone, prorenone and mexrenone) have been characterised in vitro and in vivo. In each experiment spironolactone was run as a reference. The introduction of the epoxy-group only marginally affected the binding affinity of these compounds for the mineralocorticoid receptor, whereas it caused a decrease for the androgen and progesterone receptors of between 10- and 500-fold. In vivo, all three epoxy-derivatives (3 mg/kg) were potent aldosterone antagonists, 1 to 2 times the potency of spironolactone in the rat. Parallel to the decreased affinity for the androgen and progesterone receptor in vitro, there was a 3- to 10-fold decrease of the antiandrogenic and progestagenic effect compared to spironolactone in the rat and in the rabbit, respectively. Virtually no disturbance of the vaginal or ovulatory cycle was observed with either epoxymexrenone or epoxyprorenone, although epoxyspironolactone caused a 20% decrease in ovulation. It appears therefore that the 9 alpha, 11 alpha-position of the steroid structure is a site of the molecule which can be modified to improve the specificity of aldosterone-antagonists not only in vitro, but also in vivo.
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The In Vivo Therapeutics (IVT) team maintains and distributes on-site breeding colonies of specialized immunocompetent (BoyJ, C57BL/6, BoyJ/C57 F1 cross) and immunodeficient (NSG and NRG) mouse strains.
As requested and coordinated by research programs, we support the set up and validation of syngeneic mouse tumor models and development of patient-derived human xenografts.
We manage all aspects of the IVIS SpectrumCT optical imaging system to evaluate tumor response in mouse models via bioluminescence and fluorescence modalities.
The IVT team also manages the radiation facility and performs irradiation services needed for in vitro and in vivo experiments, including hematopoietic stem-cell transplantations.
For more information, contact IVT manager Tony Sinn at alsinn@iupui.edu or 317-274-8811.
The core is funded, in part, by grants and contracts of the investigators who utilize the facility. Due to the variety of in vivo models and drug regimens requested, the specific costs of a study will be calculated once the study design is finalized.
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vivo international is implementing an extensive NET curriculum for Ukrainian mental health professionals to support civilians and military members suffering from trauma-related disorders. Lesen Sie weiter: Trauma therapy training for Ukraine
vivo international is implementing an extensive NET curriculum for Ukrainian mental health professionals to support civilians and military members suffering from trauma-related disorders. Continue reading: Trauma therapy training for Ukraine
Jamie is fascinated by the intersection of health and humanity. Before writing for Healthline, she completed a B.A. in English. She hopes her work will help increase health literacy and pave the way toward a healthy future for all. She is currently studying Public Health and Biostatistics.
Dr. Jill Seladi-Schulman is currently a freelance medical writer and was previously a project setup manager for clinical trials. She specializes in microbiology and infectious disease, having written her dissertation on influenza virus morphology. Dr. Seladi-Schulman has publications in peer-reviewed journals. She also has had her work featured on the cover of the Journal of Virology.
After working as part of the editorial team for Medical News Today, Markus wrote a large body of medical information articles for our Knowledge Center. Based in Edinburgh, he has qualifications in medical science and science communication and enjoys photography.
Maria is an insatiably curious soul, particularly fascinated by the mysterious workings of the human brain, medical history, and our relationship with our own bodies, both during and after life. Before joining Medical News Today, Maria worked as a teacher, academic ambassador, and a freelance writer and copy editor. Recently, she finished a Ph.D. in English at the University of Warwick in the U.K. In her spare time, she learns Japanese, occasionally practices taxidermy, and spreads her infectious love of invertebrates.
While attempting to establish himself as a recording artist, Robby inadvertently launched himself instead into a career as a technical writer for companies that make musical instruments and recording equipment. Several years ago, he transitioned into writing for a variety of popular digital media companies, where his interest in demystifying complex subject matter for readers found a welcome new outlet. The career shift also allowed Robby to spend more time pursuing his wide-ranging interests, including medical research. He has been writing for Medical News Today since the winter of 2020.
In vitro testing occurs in a laboratory and usually involves studying microorganisms or human or animal cells in culture. This methodology allows scientists to evaluate various biological phenomena in specific cells without the distractions and potential confounding variables present in whole organisms.
In vitro testing is a straightforward research methodology. Researchers can perform more detailed analyses and examine biological effects in a larger number of in vitro subjects than they would in animal or human trials.
During an in vitro preclinical test, researchers will expose target cells to a novel drug and monitor its effects. In vitro testing is especially helpful for identifying whether or not a novel drug has any toxic or carcinogenic effects.
In the study, the researchers collected cells from two uterine and two colon tumors. They analyzed these tumor cells using high throughput drug screening, which combines biology, robotics, and data processing to test thousands of different biological compounds on a single target cell.
In vivo testing, especially in clinical trials, is a vital aspect of medical research in general. In vivo studies provide valuable information regarding the effects of a particular substance or disease progression in a whole, living organism.
Animal studies act as a kind of middle ground between in vitro experiments and human trials. Most animal studies use laboratory-bred mice or rats that are almost genetically identical. As a result, researchers can monitor various biological effects within complex organisms.
With control, the researchers compare the results from the participant who received the new drug or intervention with those from a participant in the control group. The participants in the control group get an alternative treatment, such as a placebo or an older form of the new drug.
In vitro methods used in a laboratory can often include things like studying bacterial, animal, or human cells in culture. Although this can provide a controlled environment for an experiment, it occurs outside of a living organism and results must be considered carefully.
When a study is performed in vivo, it can include things like performing experiments in an animal model, or in a clinical trial in the case of humans. In this case, the work is taking place inside a living organism.
ISH can be used to look for a specific nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) within something like a tissue sample. Specialized probes are used to bind to a specific nucleic acid sequence that the researcher is looking to find.
Our bodies and the systems that comprise them are very complex. Because of this, research done in vitro may not accurately replicate conditions that occur inside the body. Therefore, results must be interpreted carefully.
In vivo, very few sperm actually go on to potentially fertilize the egg. In fact, selection of specific sperm populations is mediated in the fallopian tube. During IVF, sperm selection can only be partially mimicked.
However, the dynamics of selection within the fallopian tube as well as the qualities of the sperm populations selected in vivo is an area of increased study. Researchers hope that findings will better inform sperm selection for IVF.
In some cases, an organism can adapt to an in vitro environment. This may in turn affect results or observations. An example of this is how the influenza virus changes in response to laboratory growth substrates.
The two terms are essentially opposites of each other. But can you remember which is which? One way to do this is to note that in vivo sounds like words referring to life, such as live, viable, or vivacious.
Our center is currently one of a handful in the country offering opportunities (a limited number) to participate in national research studies testing ex vivo perfusion for liver and lung transplantation.
Traditionally, donated organs are placed on ice until they are transplanted into a recipient. With ex vivo perfusion, however, a machine keeps organs warm by continuously pumping blood through them. This is also called normothermic perfusion.
The lung EXPAND II trial is investigating the ability to use this novel approach to transplantation. In future phases of the trial, researchers hope to use ex vivo perfusion to rehabilitate organs that otherwise may not have been considered transplantable. If successful, this could mean an increase in the number of organs available.
Understanding human gene function is fundamental to understanding and treating diseases. Research using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster benefits from a wealth of molecular genetic resources and information useful for efficient in vivo experimentation. Moreover, Drosophila offers a balance as a relatively simple organism that nonetheless exhibits complex multicellular activities. Recent examples demonstrate the power and continued promise of Drosophila research to further our understanding of conserved gene functions. 152ee80cbc
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