Anne Weale Uploady Pdf 26

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Cromwell was a short, strongly-built man, with a large dull face. He wassmooth-shaven, with close-cropped hair, and had a heavy double chin. His mouthwas small and cruel, and was surmounted by an extraordinarily long upper lip,while a pair of grey eyes, set closely together, moved restlessly under his lighteyebrows. He had an awkward, uncouth gait which lent itself well to the otherpeculiarities of his personal appearance, and gave one the idea that he was apatient, plodding, and, if anything, a rather stupid sort of man. But this wasall merely external. According to Chapuys, who knew him well, he possessed themost extraordinary mobility of countenance, so that when engaged in an interestingconversation, his face would suddenly light up, and the dull, drudging, commonplaceexpression give way to a subtle,[85]cunning, and intelligent aspect, quite at variance with his ordinary appearance.His conversation at such moments was witty and entertaining to the last degree,and the Spanish ambassador notes that he had the habit of giving a roguish obliqueglance whenever he made a striking remark. This extraordinary power of facialcontrol, according to the circumstances in which he was placed, merely reflectsone of the dominant characteristics of the man. He obviously had remarkable powerof quickly adapting himself to his surroundings. He rarely failed to realizeimmediately his relation to those with whom he came in contact, and his manner,behaviour, and expression varied accordingly. No one knew better how or when toflatter than Thomas Cromwell; on the other hand no one could be more harsh andcruel than he, when he was in a position to dictate. He had thoroughly learnedthe lesson

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In order to understand the precise bearing on the foreign affairs of England ofthe two marriages which Cromwell proposed, and of the political league which wouldnaturally go with them, we must make a slight digression here and examine the verypeculiar position in which the Duke of Cleves found himself at this juncture.Various political[245] considerations,above all an increasing jealousy of the power of the House of Saxony, had led theEmperor Maximilian in 1496 to declare Maria, the only child of the Duke of Juliersand Berg, to be the lawful heiress of these two provinces; a step which was indirect contravention of a grant which Maximilian, at his election as King of theRomans, had made to Frederic the Wise of the reversion of Juliers and Berg in caseof failure of male heirs in the ducal line there. This grant was definitely revokedin various documents of the years 1508 and 1509; and Duke John of Cleves, who inthe meantime had married the heiress Maria of Juliers and Berg, was permitted tounite these three rich provinces in his own hand, and to establish a strong poweron the Lower Rhine which prevented undue preponderance of the House of Wettin, andfurnished a useful support for the Hapsburgs in the western part of the Empire[611].The peace-loving Duke John lived and died in friendship with Maximilian and hisgrandson, although his desire to see a reform in the Church had prevented his definiteacceptance of the Imperial invitation to join a Catholic League against theSchmalkaldner in 1537. Instead he devoted himself to strengthening his power inhis own possessions by a series of wise and prudent measures, through which hewelded the three component parts of his dominions into one[612].But during the last year of his life (which ended on February 6, 1539, while Montwas on his way to the Saxon Court) affairs took a turn which was destined to bringhis son and heir William into direct conflict with the Empire. In June, 1538, thewarlike Duke Charles of Gelderland, whose possessions lay next to the province ofCleves on the north, died leaving no children. His life had been spent in a struggleagainst the pretensions to his hereditary dominions brought forward by the Emperoras heir of Charles the Bold, and in order to prevent the substantiation of theImperial claims at his death he had planned to leave his lands to the King[246]of France[613].This scheme however had encountered strong opposition from the estates of Gelderland,who regarded with little favour a proposal so threatening to their comparativelyindependent position, and Duke Charles was finally forced, much against his will,to designate young William of Cleves as his successor. The latter, though bynature weak and irresolute, was not in a position to refuse the chance whichfortune had thrown in his way: he accepted the proffered inheritance, and thedeath of his father soon after left him in full possession of the four richprovinces[614].

The buyldinges of your noble colledge most prosperouslye andmagnyfycently dothe arryse in suche wise that to euery mannes iudgementthe lyke thereof was neuer sene ne ymagened hauing consideracyonto the largeness beautee sumptuous Curyous and most substauncyall buyldingof the same.

Maister Rowland after my herty commendacions this shalbeto aduertyse you that hitt is the kinges gracespleissuire and commaundement that ye shall paye immediatelyafter the sight off theis my letters to the handes off MaisterHerry Williams beyrrer heiroff Fyve powndes off good and lawfullmoney off Englonde to the behoiffe off the deanne and Canons off hisgraces Colledge in oxford now lately erected. The whiche saidesumme off Fyve powndes was deue to haue byn payed by yowatt the Feiste off sayntte Michell tharchangell laste paste For thannuallporcion goyng owtt off your parsonage off Garsintonvnto the late suppressed priore off Wallingford. And theis my lettersshalbe vnto yow a sufficient warrauntt & acquyttaunce For thepayment off the Forsaide Fyve powndes. Faill you nott thysto doo as ye tendre the kinges pleissuire and thus Faire ye well.In haist From london the xixth daye off July.

In my Right harty manner I Commend me vnto you Aduertis[ing]the Same that the kinges pleasure is that Robert Bonvell merchauntof parys sholde Repayre into this Royalme Towardes his highneswith certeyn Juelles wherfore his speciallCommaundment is that ye seing the same Jewelles do makeTherof a Specyall note by bylles Indentyd betwyxt you and theSeid merchaunt mensyonyng euery parcell therof andwhat the Custom therof maye Amounte vnto, not chargyng hym For any Customor other Charge due vnto his highnes For the same for hys gracespleasure ys that if he do sell any within this Royalm thathe shall therfore paye Custom as Reason is and for that he Cannot Sellhere to carry A waye with hym A gayne withoutepayeng therfore any Custom or other dutes Wherfore I requyre youtakyng Surety in case he do make Sale to paye the Custom accordynglyThat ye do permytt & Suffer the same merchauntwith the Same[369]Juelles to discharge And vnlade the Same Accordyng to theEffectes hereof be457b7860