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Molybdenum Electrode

Glass is prized for its clarity and beauty, as well as its immense versatility. The presence of the molybdenum component aids in the manufacture of everyday glass and glass articles, and its high strength at high glass melting temperatures and resistance to corrosion of molten glass make it an ideal material for glass melting.

Humans' use of glass has a long history, dating back to the time when primitive people used obsidian glass, naturally formed from lava, for knives and cutting. From ancient history to modern times, glass has proven its usefulness in countless applications and has become an integral part of everyday life. Today, molybdenum is also indispensable for glass production.

Archaeological evidence suggests that the first 'artificial' glass spheres were accidentally formed in a cooking fire. The early humans who discovered these globules may have used them for decoration. Archaeologists believe that the first intentionally made glass objects appeared in Mesopotamia between AD 3,000-3,500. Early glassmakers couldn't generate enough heat to easily process glass, but with the invention of glass, around 1500 AD, the Babylonian blowpipe became an important technique in glassmaking.

Artisans make most items for decorative or practical purposes, but they always dream of making glass from their material. The Romans tried to make windows by squishing hot glass spheres, but the resulting product was too thick and not transparent enough to make a good window.

It wasn't until the 15th century AD that Venetian glassmakers produced the first transparent glass, called 'cristallo', but glass windows remained a luxury item due to their high cost. The Industrial Revolution greatly improved the ability of manufacturers to melt glass, and in 1902 Emile Foucalt of Belgium invented the flat glass drawing machine, which made mass production of window glass possible.

With the advent of electricity, engineers began designing electric furnaces to replace coal or gas-fueled furnaces traditionally used to melt glass. Early design attempts relied on arcs and radiation to heat glass, but these techniques were not widely accepted. In the 1950s, researchers discovered that molten glass can conduct electricity, and that molybdenum metal electrodes can directly heat the glass by passing an electric current through the molten glass.

The increased use of electric furnaces in modern glass manufacturing has also increased the use of molybdenum. Molybdenum electrodes can be side entry, bottom entry, or suspended from above; a molybdenum stirrer helps to homogenize the melt. Molten glass protects the molybdenum components from the rapid oxidation that occurs with air at high temperatures, giving them a long and reliable service life. Designers use inert cooling gas or water cooling to protect the electrode portion outside the glass from oxidation.

The molybdenum component also protects furnace refractories from wear and erosion, serving as 'armor' for refractory bricks covering vulnerable areas. Advanced coatings make these components resistant to oxidation during cold starts, even without molten glass protection.

Fused zirconia corundum bricks are also known as AZS fused zirconia corundum bricks, AZS bricks, fused cast AZS bricks, etc. Abbreviated as AZS, it is a three-phase diagram of the Al2O3-Zr02-Sio2 ternary system. The chemical constituents of the system are arranged in order of their content. Al2O3 is A , Zr02 is Z , Sio2 is S . The standard uses this abbreviation. For example, No. 41 fused cast zirconium corundum brick is abbreviated as AZS41#. Among them, it is named 41 according to the content of alumina (Al2O3). For example, corundum zirconia corundum brick AZS41# refers to corundum zirconia corundum brick with alumina content of 41%.

The dense microstructure of AZS33# zirconium corundum bricks makes the bricks have good resistance to glass liquid erosion, and it is not easy to produce stones or other defects in the glass kiln. It is a widely used product in glass kilns, and is mainly suitable for the upper structure of the melting pool, the pool wall bricks and paving bricks of the working pool, the forehearth, etc.

AZS33 is the amount used in the cast AZS series, a wide range of products, superior in preventing contamination of molten glass. It is widely used in the wall, bottom, upper structure and feed channel of glass furnace.

In addition to having the same co-crystal as AZS33# fused zirconium corundum brick, 36# AZS brick has more chain oxidation

Zirconium crystal, and glass phase content is low, so the corrosion resistance of 36# fused zirconium corundum brick is further enhanced, so it is suitable for areas with fast glass flow or high temperature.

AZS36 is a product with excellent performance in the cast AZS series, with high resistance to glass erosion and low pollution.

It is often used in key parts such as the pool wall near the hot spot of the melting pool of the glass melting furnace.

AZS41# fused zirconia corundum bricks contain more uniformly distributed zirconia crystals in addition to the eutectic of silica and alumina

body, in the zirconium corundum brick system, its corrosion resistance is yes. Therefore, key parts of the glass furnace are selected so that the life of these parts is balanced with other parts.

AZS41 is a product with excellent performance among the cast AZS series products. It has extremely high resistance to glass melt erosion and extremely high glass phase exudation temperature, and has extremely low pollution to glass melt. Widely used in the pool wall, the corner of the feeding port, the flow of the glass furnace at the hot spot

Key parts such as liquid hole, kiln, bottom bubbling and all-electric melting furnace.