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The “Testimony and Examination on Rebecca Nurse of Salem” were created in 1692 by a recorder in a trial. The time was indicated by the title, “The Court Examines Rebecca Nurse and Takes Testimony from Her and Her Friends, Salem, 1692” (Kupperman 129). Those sources were evidently testimonies and Examinations on a court which was against Rebecca Nurse (Kupperman 129). Thus, the author would have been a recorder who was authorized to record what the witnesses and the defendant responded to the attorney or the court.

These materials mainly showed how Rebecca was accused by “victims” and how Rebecca was misjudged guilty. Ann Putnam, Junior stated that she had been tortured by Rebecca Nurse constantly from 13th March 1692, and she saw the apparition of Goody Nurse over two times during the time from 13th March to 24 March in 1692 (Kupperman 130). Ann Putnam, who was Ann Putnam, Senior and Ann Putnam, Junior’s mother, accused Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse for torturing her. Her daughter, Ann Putnam, Jr, claimed that they had witnessed one of the crime scenes (Kupperman 131). In addition, Israel and Elizabeth Porter, Daniel Andrew, and Peter Cloyse stated that somehow Rebecca admitted that she had been involved in such accusations (Kupperman 131). As for the inquiry to Renbacca herself, she denied every single accusation that was against her, with simple but affirmative answers like “No,” “I am innocent,” “I have not,”etc (Kupperman 132).

The source was created in 1692 when the trial happened in Salem, a city of Massachusetts’, while Europe was busy for the Nine Year’s War and England devoted itself to overseas territory and trade. In the 1690s, the Europe was in wars between France and other countries. England just surpassed the Glories Revolution in 1688, and King William signed the Bill of Rights, which led England to capitalism. The government also has shown more tolerance about the religion. As to Massachusetts, there were slaves in the colonies, and people were more into the Bible. Most of them were Puritan. They believed in God, also believed in Hell and the existence of Satan. They usually owed the harvest to God, and the disasters to Satan, also witchcraft. It was a time when religion could intervene the justice within a court.

The prior knowledge I had was that most of the colonies were built in the East Coast area where there were a lot of slaves in the 1690s. The slave trade prevailed at that time. Those slaves worked in big plantations which grew cotton or tobacco. They exchanged the products for profits and necessities. When they needed to export many products back to England, the ship building was also a great industry in the coastal cities. Since the technology was not so developed, the way they operated the business and cultivated was still at a low level, which explained how the trial of Rebecca Nurse happened to some extent.

Speaking of which, as records of the testimonies on a court, those materials were credible but showed a strong bias against Rebecca Nurse. Considering their religion and where it happened, there was no possibility and necessity to fake the documents in a court. However, when considering the testimonies, all of them were really subjective. Ann Putnam testified that Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey afflicted her by dictation without any solid evidence, and her daughter was positive to see her mother was afflicted without any further evidence to prove what she said was true(Kupperman 129). When Rebecca Nurse was inquired, the attorney showed none evidence but tried to push Rebecca to admit the accusation, while Rebecca just simply denied any of it(Kupperman 132). The whole process of the trial shown bias that was against to Rebecca Nurse, which led Rebecca Nurse to injustice.

Overall, these sources helped to analyze the historical factors with specific details which provided us a better understanding of the past, and I realized that a fair and independent justice system was vital to ensure people’s freedom and their basic rights. These materials told a story of how an innocent woman was unfairly judged with accusations that related to Satan and witchcraft by a village court at Salem in 1692. Neither the judge nor the attorneys believed in solid evidence, but something related to Satan and witchcraft. It was a result of ignorance and an incomplete law system at that time.