Diazepam, commonly known by the brand name Valium, is a prescription medication in the benzodiazepine class. It is used to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome. Diazepam works by enhancing the activity of GABA, a calming neurotransmitter in the brain.
Diazepam may be prescribed for:
Anxiety and panic symptoms
Muscle spasms
Alcohol withdrawal
Seizure control
Light sedation before medical or endoscopic procedures
It is available as tablets, oral solutions, rectal gel, injections, and nasal spray. Diazepam should only be used under medical supervision because misuse can cause serious side effects and dependence.
Adults aged 18+ may use diazepam if prescribed. Older adults (65+) require lower doses due to higher sensitivity. Children may use it for muscle spasms or seizures only under strict pediatric guidance.
Sleep apnea
Severe liver disease
Narrow-angle glaucoma
Serious breathing problems
History of benzodiazepine allergy
Doses vary by condition and individual health needs:
Muscle spasms: 2–10 mg, 3–4 times daily
Anxiety: 2–10 mg daily
Alcohol withdrawal: 10 mg initially, then reduced gradually
Seizures: 2–10 mg, 2–4 times daily
Never change your dose without consulting your doctor.
Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, confusion, and muscle weakness. Serious risks include slow or stopped breathing—especially if combined with alcohol, opioids, or sedatives.
Avoid alcohol, do not drive while drowsy, and never stop diazepam suddenly without medical guidance. Long-term or excessive use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
Diazepam can be helpful for anxiety, spasms, and withdrawal symptoms when used safely and exactly as prescribed. Misuse or unsupervised use can be dangerous, so always follow professional medical advice.