Alternativ Enerji

Byk klk mhrriklri lklrin mumi elektrik xttin qoulmudur, kiiklri is ayr-ayr blglri tmin edir. Yer altndan xarlan yanacaqdan frqli olaraq, klk enerjisi tknmir, hr yerd ilnil bilr v ekoloji chtdn tmizdir. Ancaq klk elektrik stansiyalarnn qurulmas bir sra texniki v iqtisadi xarakterli tinliklrl baldr.

Gn alarn insan ehtiyac n enerjiy evirn qurular fotoelektrik v termodinamik olurlar. Fotoelektrik qurular gns enerjisini elektrik enerjisin fotoelektrik eviricilrin aral il birbaa evirirlr. Onlara "gn batareyalar" deyilir v onlar dnyada n ox yaylmdr. Termodimamik qurular is gn enerjisini nc istiliy evirir. Sonra bu istilik ayrca istilik qurusunun aral il mexaniki enerjiy, sonra is generatorda elektrik enerjisin evirilir.

Alternativ Enerji

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Dniz sularnn artmasndan istifad edn elektrik stansiyalar. Bu dniz suyunun artmalarn istifad edn su elektrik stansiyalarn zl nvdr. Dolay yolla onlar yerin frlanmasnn enerjisini istifad edirlr. Bu kimi elektrik stansiyalar dniz qralarnda qururlar, nki orada gnin v ayn cazib gclri sutkada iki df suyun sviyysini dyiirlr. Sahild suyun artmas v geri kilmsi 18 metr qdr ata bilr.

Dalalarn gcn kVt/m il llr. Su v klk enerjisin nisbtn, dalalarn enerjisi daha da gcl olur. Bel ki, dniz v okeanlarn dalalanmas adi vaxtlarda 15 kVt/m olur. Dalalar 2 m hndrly qalxanda,gc 80 kVt/m atr. Demli, okean enerjisinin istifadsind enerji atmamazl ola bilmz. Bunun yalnz bir hisssi elektrik v baqa enerjilrin alnmas n istifad edil bilr.

Dalalarn enerjisinin mnbyi klklrd v gnddir. Btn okeanlarn gcndn alnm enerji gndn alnandan ox deyil, ancaq dala il ilyn enerji generatorlarn gc baqa enerji mhrriklrindn oxdur. Bnzr tbitlrin baxmayaraq, dalalarn enerjisi sularn artmas enerjisindn frqlidir. Hazrda dalalarn enerjisinin istifad edilmsi geni yaylmamdr.

Azrbaycandak aylarn tam hidroenerji potensialnn 40 mlrd.kVt. saat,texniki chtdn lverili potensialn is 16 mlrd.kVt saat- kiik Su elektrik stansiyalarnn payna dr.

Bioetanollla biodizeli istifad etmkl avtomobildn ayrlan qazlar ekoloji tlblr daha uyun olur. Ancaq onlarn enerji smrliliyi adi benzin v dizeldn aa olur. Buna gr d mhrrikin gc azalr, yanacan ilnmsi is artr. Bundan baqa bioyanacan bu eidlrindn istifad edilmsi rzaq problemi yarada bilr, nki knd tsrrfat mallara yeyinti n deyil, avtoyanacaq kimi ilnilir.

Yer krsind quru bioktlnin illik artm 130 mlrd.ton tkil edir ki, bu da 600000 TVt.s elektrik enerjisin ekvivalentdir. Bu miqdarda enerji dnya zr enerjiy olan tlbatn 15%-ni dmy imkan verir.Bioktldn alnan elektrik enerjisinin istehsalnda qaz v maye halnda olan biomaddlr nisbtn brk biomaddlrin istifadsi stnlk tkil edir. Bel ki,bioktldn istifad etmkl istehsal olunmu elektrik enerjisinin mumi hcminin 52,3%-i AB-nin, 14,6%-i Finlandiyann, qalan is digr inkiaf etmi lklrin paynadr.

"Enerji-mhsul" qapal texnoloji tsiklrin yaradlmas sasnda knd tsrrfat mhsullarndan bioenerji konplekslrinin yaradlmas, bu komplekslr trafnda yeni yaay mntqlrinin formaladrlmas v masir tlblr cavab vern aqroenerji infrastrukturunun yaradlas Dvlt Agentliyinin sas strateji mqsdlrindn biridir. Bunun n 2020-ci il qdr Azrbaycann hr bir iqtisadi rayonunda aqroenerji kompleksinin yaradlmas nzrd tutulur.

Qarada rayonun Sngal qsbsi yaxnlnda quradrlan gn elektrik stansiyasnn layih gc 9 MVt-dir. Layihnin icrasnda 2014-c ild balam v hazrda layih zr ilr davam etdirilir. Quradrlacaq elektrik stansiyas Sngal qsbsinin v mumilikd Qarada rayonunun elektrik enerjisin olan ehtiyacnn daha yksk sviyyd tmin edilmsin xidmt edckdir. Stansiyada n ox texnologiyalarla hazrlanm 36 min yaxn gn panelinin quradrlmas v etibarl elektrik trm sisteminin yaradlmas.

Azrbaycanda ilk hibrid tipli elelktrik stansiyas Qobustan Eksperimental Poliqonu v Tdris Mrkzi olmudur. Bu sahd n mhn addmlardan biri 78 MVt qoyulu gcn malik Samux Aqroenerji v Yaay Kompleksinin tikintisidir. Bundan lav Naxvan, Ouz, Gdby, Balakn, Neftala rayonlarnda qurulacaq 10 MVt gcnd HES-lrin texniki-iqtisadi saslandrmalar hazrlanr.

Yaxn illrd Hvsan Aerasiya Stansiyasnda irkab sularn tmizlnmsi nticsind ylan tullantlardan enerji alnmas n bioenerji stansiyasnn quradrlmas layihsinin hyata keirilmsi planladrlr. Layihnin hyata keirilmsind mqsd irkab sularnn tmizlnmsi, zhrli qazarn v tullantlarn utilizasiyas v enerjisinin alnmasdr. Bu stansiya vasitsi il Trkan v Hvsan qsblrinin istilik v elektrik enerji il tmin edckdir. Bunula yama stansiyann ilmsi il rzind 93,8 milyon kubmetr tbii qaza qnat etmy imkan verckdir.

Most consumers agree that the benefits of using alternative energy sources far outweigh any drawbacks. Not to mention, improved technology is continually emerging to address and eliminate the disadvantages of various renewable resources.

Renewable energy in developing countries is an increasingly used alternative to fossil fuel energy, as these countries scale up their energy supplies and address energy poverty. Renewable energy technology was once seen as unaffordable for developing countries.[212] However, since 2015, investment in non-hydro renewable energy has been higher in developing countries than in developed countries, and comprised 54% of global renewable energy investment in 2019.[213] The International Energy Agency forecasts that renewable energy will provide the majority of energy supply growth through 2030 in Africa and Central and South America, and 42% of supply growth in China.[214]

Thousands of people are employed in the energy industry. The conventional industry comprises the petroleum industry, the natural gas industry, the electrical power industry, and the nuclear industry. New energy industries include the renewable energy industry, comprising alternative and sustainable manufacture, distribution, and sale of alternative fuels.

The environmental movement has emphasized sustainability of energy use and development.[130] Renewable energy is sustainable in its production; the available supply will not be diminished for the foreseeable future - millions or billions of years. "Sustainability" also refers to the ability of the environment to cope with waste products, especially air pollution. Sources which have no direct waste products (such as wind, solar, and hydropower) are brought up on this point. With global demand for energy growing, the need to adopt various energy sources is growing. Energy conservation is an alternative or complementary process to energy development. It reduces the demand for energy by using it efficiently.

Some observers contend that idea of "energy independence" is an unrealistic and opaque concept.[131] The alternative offer of "energy resilience" is a goal aligned with economic, security, and energy realities. The notion of resilience in energy was detailed in the 1982 book Brittle Power: Energy Strategy for National Security.[132] The authors argued that simply switching to domestic energy would not be secure inherently because the true weakness is the often interdependent and vulnerable energy infrastructure of a country. Key aspects such as gas lines and the electrical power grid are often centralized and easily susceptible to disruption. They conclude that a "resilient energy supply" is necessary for both national security and the environment. They recommend a focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy that is decentralized.[133]

Thermal storage technologies allow heat or cold to be stored for periods of time ranging from hours or overnight to interseasonal, and can involve storage of sensible energy (i.e. by changing the temperature of a medium) or latent energy (i.e. through phase changes of a medium, such between water and slush or ice). Short-term thermal storages can be used for peak-shaving in district heating or electrical distribution systems. Kinds of renewable or alternative energy sources that can be enabled include natural energy (e.g. collected via solar-thermal collectors, or dry cooling towers used to collect winter's cold), waste energy (e.g. from HVAC equipment, industrial processes or power plants), or surplus energy (e.g. as seasonally from hydropower projects or intermittently from wind farms). The Drake Landing Solar Community (Alberta, Canada) is illustrative. borehole thermal energy storage allows the community to get 97% of its year-round heat from solar collectors on the garage roofs, which most of the heat collected in summer.[155][156] Types of storages for sensible energy include insulated tanks, borehole clusters in substrates ranging from gravel to bedrock, deep aquifers, or shallow lined pits that are insulated on top. Some types of storage are capable of storing heat or cold between opposing seasons (particularly if very large), and some storage applications require inclusion of a heat pump. Latent heat is typically stored in ice tanks or what are called phase-change materials (PCMs). 006ab0faaa