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Examples of vectors in nature are velocity, momentum, force, electromagnetic fields and weight. A quantity or phenomenon that exhibits magnitude only, with no specific direction, is called a scalar. Examples of scalars include speed, mass, electrical resistance and hard drive storage capacity.

Vectors are typically represented by an arrow with a beginning, or tail, and an end, or head, that is usually represented by an arrowhead. Vectors delineate the movement from point A to point B and can be defined as an entity with a designation, such as vector a.

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In mathematics, the Cartesian coordinate system depicts vectors using a number pair as shown in Figure 1. In this example, the vector is a directed line segment defined as (0,0), (7,7) using its numbered pairs. Vectors and scalars can be used in mathematical processes and vector operations, such as vector addition, vector subtraction and vector multiplication.

Vectors can be depicted graphically in two or three dimensions. The magnitude of the vector is shown as the length of a line segment. The direction of the vector is shown by the orientation of the line segment and by an arrowhead at one end.

When creating images in vector graphics, the graphics file is a sequence of vector statements describing a series of points that connect to form the image. Examples of vector graphics software include Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw.

raster graphics map individual bits -- each of which has its own qualities, such as color -- into an image via components called pixels, or picture elements. Raster images typically have a fixed number of pixels and are less scalable than vector images. As an image gets larger, individual pixels can become visible, resulting in the image being not as sharp or high quality as an equivalent vector image.

With raster images, computers must store each pixel, rather than a series of vector points. This often results in raster files being larger than vector graphics files. Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop are examples of software that is used to convert raster images into vector graphics files and vice versa.

In cybersecurity, the pathway that a threat actor or hacker uses to deliver their payload, such as a virus or ransomware, to a system or network is called an attack vector. This is how hackers exploit vulnerabilities in a system or network.

An attack vector can also be human, in the case of social engineering, where the perpetrator uses clever communication techniques to mislead users into giving out valuable information such as passwords. Typical attack vectors include malware, email attachments, instant messages and pop-up windows.

Cyber threat detection and mitigation systems include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems and antivirus software. Numerous products and services are available to prevent threat actors from using attack vectors and to address threats.

Automatically convert JPG, PNG, BMP, and GIF bitmap images to true SVG, EPS, and PDF vector images online by simply uploading them. Real full-color tracing, no software to install and results are ready right away!

Stand-alone desktop application to convert bitmap images to vector images offline. Supports all the Online Edition file formats, plus AI and DXF output. Works seamlessly with Illustrator, Corel, and others.

Your logo represents your brand and is used across a wide range of media: your website, business cards, flyers, banners, etc. Ensure a consistent and crisp display in all contexts by having it in vector format.

Quickly get bitmap source material into your vector compositions, opening up a range of creative possibilities. Or go old-school and draw something on paper, then scan, vectorize, and refine your creation.

Vector Magic analyzes your image and automatically detects appropriate settings to vectorize it with, and then goes ahead and traces out the underlying shapes in full color. This makes getting started a real breeze: just upload your image and presto, a result to review!

If you compare results from other tools, you will notice that Vector Magic produces vectors that are more faithful to the bitmap original. This makes them often immediately usable, and if cleanup is required there's much less of it.

With the high cost of outsourcing and the time hand-tracing takes, Vector Magic pays for itself with even a minimum of use. And since usage is unlimited, it always makes sense to try it on any image you need vectorized.

Vector images consist of shapes like circles, rectangles, lines and curves, while bitmap images, also known as raster images, consist of a grid of pixels. Vectorization or tracing is the process of taking a bitmap image and re-drawing it as a vector image.

The shapes in vector images allow computers to do things that cannot be done with bitmap images, like scale them to any size without loss of quality and using them to e.g. cut, sew, paint, and laser engrave.

Adobe's EPS format (Encapsulated PostScript) is perhaps the most common vector image format. It is the standard interchange format in the print industry. It is widely supported as an export format, but due to the complexity of the full format specification, not all programs that claim to support EPS are able to import all variants of it. Adobe Illustrator and recent versions of CorelDRAW have very good support for reading and writing EPS. Ghostview can read it very well but does not have any editing capabilities. Inkscape can only export it.

The W3C standard vector image format is called SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). Inkscape and recent versions of Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW have good support for reading and writing SVG. Further information on the SVG format may be found on the official SVG website.

Adobe's PDF format (Portable Document Format) is very widely used as a general purpose platform-independent document format. And while it is not exclusively used as such, it is also a very good vector image format. Adobe gives away the Acrobat PDF reader, but sells the tools required to create PDF files (third party tools that perform the same task are also for sale). Those tools work with any program that is able to print. Support for reading and editing PDF files is much more limited.

Photos can be vectorized to great artistic effect, and this tutorial shows you some examples. You can get a stylized piece of art that can be used e.g. as a background or component in a larger composition. You can also extract individual shapes from specific real-world objects, which can be a great addition to your asset repository.

The purpose of this page is to let you manually correct segmentation mistakes made by Vector Magic. The segmentation is the crude partitioning of the image into pieces that are then smoothed to produce the final vector art.

Each vector tries to optimize storage management by maintaining a capacity and a capacityIncrement. The capacity is always at least as large as the vector size; it is usually larger because as components are added to the vector, the vector's storage increases in chunks the size of capacityIncrement. An application can increase the capacity of a vector before inserting a large number of components; this reduces the amount of incremental reallocation. The iterators returned by this class's iterator and listIterator methods are fail-fast: if the vector is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove or add methods, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future. The Enumerations returned by the elements method are not fail-fast. Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs. As of the Java 2 platform v1.2, this class was retrofitted to implement the List interface, making it a member of the Java Collections Framework. Unlike the new collection implementations, Vector is synchronized. If a thread-safe implementation is not needed, it is recommended to use ArrayList in place of Vector.Since:JDK1.0See Also:Collection, LinkedList, Serialized FormField SummaryFields Modifier and TypeField and Descriptionprotected intcapacityIncrementThe amount by which the capacity of the vector is automatically incremented when its size becomes greater than its capacity.protected intelementCountThe number of valid components in this Vector object.protected Object[]elementDataThe array buffer into which the components of the vector are stored.Fields inherited from class java.util.AbstractListmodCountConstructor SummaryConstructors Constructor and DescriptionVector()Constructs an empty vector so that its internal data array has size 10 and its standard capacity increment is zero.Vector(Collection c)Returns true if this Vector contains all of the elements in the specified Collection.voidcopyInto(Object[] anArray)Copies the components of this vector into the specified array.EelementAt(int index)Returns the component at the specified index.Enumerationelements()Returns an enumeration of the components of this vector.voidensureCapacity(int minCapacity)Increases the capacity of this vector, if necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of components specified by the minimum capacity argument.booleanequals(Object o)Compares the specified Object with this Vector for equality.EfirstElement()Returns the first component (the item at index 0) of this vector.voidforEach(Consumer c)Removes from this Vector all of its elements that are contained in the specified Collection.voidremoveAllElements()Removes all components from this vector and sets its size to zero.booleanremoveElement(Object obj)Removes the first (lowest-indexed) occurrence of the argument from this vector.voidremoveElementAt(int index)Deletes the component at the specified index.booleanremoveIf(Predicate c)Retains only the elements in this Vector that are contained in the specified Collection.Eset(int index, E element)Replaces the element at the specified position in this Vector with the specified element.voidsetElementAt(E obj, int index)Sets the component at the specified index of this vector to be the specified object.voidsetSize(int newSize)Sets the size of this vector.intsize()Returns the number of components in this vector.voidsort(Comparator c)Removes from this Vector all of its elements that are contained in the specified Collection.Specified by:removeAll in interface CollectionSpecified by:removeAll in interface ListOverrides:removeAll in class AbstractCollectionParameters:c - a collection of elements to be removed from the VectorReturns:true if this Vector changed as a result of the callThrows:ClassCastException - if the types of one or more elements in this vector are incompatible with the specified collection (optional)NullPointerException - if this vector contains one or more null elements and the specified collection does not support null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is nullSince:1.2See Also:AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)retainAllpublic boolean retainAll(Collection c)Retains only the elements in this Vector that are contained in the specified Collection. In other words, removes from this Vector all of its elements that are not contained in the specified Collection.Specified by:retainAll in interface CollectionSpecified by:retainAll in interface ListOverrides:retainAll in class AbstractCollectionParameters:c - a collection of elements to be retained in this Vector (all other elements are removed)Returns:true if this Vector changed as a result of the callThrows:ClassCastException - if the types of one or more elements in this vector are incompatible with the specified collection (optional)NullPointerException - if this vector contains one or more null elements and the specified collection does not support null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is nullSince:1.2See Also:AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)addAllpublic boolean addAll(int index, Collection ff782bc1db