• Laser Cutting is a process that uses a high-powered laser beam to cut through a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. The laser cutting process is controlled by a computer program, which allows for precise cutting of a wide variety of shapes and sizes.

• The process of CNC laser cutting starts by generating a high-powered laser beam, typically with a CO2 or a fiber laser, which is directed at the material to be cut. The laser beam is focused through a lens and directed at the material. The energy from the laser beam melts, vaporizes, or burns away the material, creating a clean and precise cut.

• The main advantage of CNC laser cutting is its ability to cut through a wide range of materials with high precision and accuracy. Laser cutting is also suitable for cutting thin materials with high precision and it's also able to cut intricate shapes and designs with ease. Additionally, the process is relatively fast and efficient, allowing for high production rates.

• On the other hand, CNC laser cutting has some disadvantages as well. One of the main disadvantages is that the process generates high levels of heat and noise, which can be a hazard to operators. Additionally, laser cutting is not suitable for cutting some reflective materials such as aluminum and copper, and it's also not suitable for cutting materials that are sensitive to heat such as some plastics.

• Another limitation of CNC laser cutting is that it can cause a "heat affected zone" (HAZ) which can cause a distortion of the cut material and make it more brittle. Additionally, the cost of laser cutting equipment is relatively high, and it requires frequent maintenance and replacement of consumable parts such as mirrors and lenses.

Laser Safety

• The workflow for designing and cutting parts using a CNC laser cutter typically involves the following steps:

  • Design: The first step is to design the part using a CAD (computer-aided design) software. The design should take into account the material properties, thickness, and any specific requirements for the part.

  • Nesting: Once the design is complete, the next step is to arrange the parts on the material in an efficient way, this process is called nesting. Nesting software is used to optimize the use of the material and reduce waste.

  • Generating the G-code: The next step is to convert the design into machine-readable code, called G-code. The G-code is a set of instructions that the CNC machine will use to cut the parts.

  • Loading the program: The G-code is loaded into the CNC laser cutter's controller and the material is loaded on the machine's table.

  • Setting up the machine: Before starting the cutting process, the machine needs to be set up properly. This includes setting the correct laser power, focus, and cutting speed.

  • Cutting: The CNC laser cutter follows the instructions in the G-code to cut the parts from the material. The operator monitors the cutting process and makes any necessary adjustments.

  • Finishing: After the cutting process is complete, the parts may need to be finished, such as deburring or cleaning the edges.

  • Inspecting the parts: Finally, the parts are inspected to ensure that they meet the design specifications and are free from defects.

• It's worth noting that the workflow may vary depending on the specific requirements of the parts and the equipment being used. Additionally, there may be additional steps such as material preparation, clamping and fixturing, and maintaining the equipment that are necessary for the specific process.

Answer the following prompts/questions in your own words - apply your personal experiences and opinions to the topics covered in this sub-module. Feel free to use multi-media visuals, references, etc.:

1. What is Laser Cutting?

2. How does Laser Cutting Work?

3. A) What safety considerations are specific for Laser cutting?

B) What specific PPE should be worn when operating Laser cutters?

4. What workflow steps are specific to Laser cutting, and why?