A watermark is an identifying image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light (or when viewed by reflected light, atop a dark background), caused by thickness or density variations in the paper.[1]Watermarks have been used on postage stamps, currency, and other government documents to discourage counterfeiting. There are two main ways of producing watermarks in paper; the dandy roll process, and the more complex cylinder mould process.

Watermarks vary greatly in their visibility; while some are obvious on casual inspection, others require some study to pick out. Various aids have been developed, such as watermark fluid that wets the paper without damaging it.


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A watermark is very useful in the examination of paper because it can be used for dating documents and artworks, identifying sizes, mill trademarks and locations, and determining the quality of a sheet of paper.

The word is also used for digital practices that share similarities with physical watermarks. In one case, overprint on computer-printed output may be used to identify output from an unlicensed trial version of a program. In another instance, identifying codes can be encoded as a digital watermark for a music, video, picture, or other file.

Watermarks were first introduced in Fabriano, Italy, in 1282.[2] At the time, watermarks were created by changing the thickness of paper during a stage in the manufacturing process when it was still wet.

Traditionally, a watermark was made by impressing a water-coated metal stamp onto the paper during manufacturing. The invention of the dandy roll in 1826 by John Marshall revolutionised the watermark process and made it easier for producers to watermark their paper.

This embossing is transferred to the pulp fibres, compressing and reducing their thickness in that area. Because the patterned portion of the page is thinner, it transmits more light through and therefore has a lighter appearance than the surrounding paper. If these lines are distinct and parallel, and/or there is a watermark, then the paper is termed laid paper. If the lines appear as a mesh or are indiscernible, and/or there is no watermark, then it is called wove paper. This method is called line drawing watermarks.

Another type of watermark is called the cylinder mould watermark. It is a shaded watermark first used in 1848 that incorporates tonal depth and creates a greyscale image. Instead of using a wire covering for the dandy roll, the shaded watermark is created by areas of relief on the roll's own surface. Once dry, the paper may then be rolled again to produce a watermark of even thickness but with varying density. The resulting watermark is generally much clearer and more detailed than those made by the Dandy Roll process, and as such Cylinder Mould Watermark Paper is the preferred type of watermarked paper for banknotes, passports, motor vehicle titles, and other documents where it is an important anti-counterfeiting measure.

In philately, the watermark is a key feature of a stamp, and often constitutes the difference between a common and a rare stamp. Collectors who encounter two otherwise identical stamps with different watermarks consider each stamp to be a separate identifiable issue.[3] The "classic" stamp watermark is a small crown or other national symbol, appearing either once on each stamp or a continuous pattern. Watermarks were nearly universal on stamps in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but generally fell out of use, but some countries continue to use them.[4]

Some types of embossing, such as that used to make the "cross on oval" design on early stamps of Switzerland, resemble a watermark in that the paper is thinner, but can be distinguished by having sharper edges than is usual for a normal watermark. Stamp paper watermarks also show various designs, letters, numbers and pictorial elements.

The process of bringing out the stamp watermark is fairly simple. Sometimes a watermark in stamp paper can be seen just by looking at the unprinted back side of a stamp. More often, the collector must use a few basic items to get a good look at the watermark. For example, watermark fluid may be applied to the back of a stamp to temporarily reveal the watermark.[4]

Even using the simple watermarking method described, it can be difficult to distinguish some watermarks. Watermarks on stamps printed in yellow and orange can be particularly difficult to see. A few mechanical devices are also used by collectors to detect watermarks on stamps such as the Morley-Bright watermark detector and the more expensive Safe Signoscope. Such devices can be very useful for they can be used without the application of watermark fluid and also allow the collector to look at the watermark for a longer period of time to more easily detect the watermark.

A watermark is a faint image that appears over the meeting window so that it doesn't interfere with what's on the screen. It helps to protect the confidentiality of visual content shared during your meeting.

Watermarks need to be enabled when you schedule a meeting in order to be active when the meeting starts. If you turn on watermarks while a meeting is in progress, the setting won't take effect unless all participants leave the meeting and return.

If I already have a meeting scheduled, do I need to schedule a new one to use watermark in meeting? 

No, you can open the meeting from Outlook or your Teams calendar, go to the Meeting options, and set the Apply a watermark toggle to on. Make sure to select either the single occurrence or the meeting series as necessary.

So what you can do is use an html element, and put in the html image code for your image. Then you can run the image through imgix which we have access to natively through bubble. Imgix allows for the addition of a watermark.

I was using v4.3, just upgraded to 5.0, and Help in each tells me to use Format > Page > Background tab to insert a watermark. Neither version has a Background tab in the Page Format.

How do you insert a watermark?

While the safest assumption to make is that once your photography is online it will be distributed beyond your control and in ways you may never know, there are instances where you need to tailor your presentation (watermark included) to your audience. Not every online audience is going to be uneducated in the ways of copyrights and pirate your photographic work. When I found a small photography forum full of great people that I recognized and respected I scaled back my watermark to the standard copyright statement. I also used the scaled back watermark for an online portfolio site I was using knowing that most viewing my work there would understand the implications of pirating my work.

In some regard this watermark worked just fine for the audience, but it was a step backwards as it related to branding. This basic watermark (magnified so you can see it) was adequate, but was too faint.

After being frustrated by the amount of infringement of my photography in 2008 I decided to re-evaluate my watermarking approach. I wanted to learn from past experiences, simplify the effort it took to watermark my photography, utilize the latest tools available to me and develop a watermark design that was refined. In late 2008 I finalized a new watermark design that encapsulated a large copyright symbol, my name and my web site address. In essence blending efforts with attribution, establishing a calling card, clearly identifying legal protections and branding with in a limited footprint.

I try to use watermarks also, but sometimes have trouble choosing a site/url to use since I have several ? At the moment I have it in the corner, transparent. Thinking about making it more visible. I rather have a watermark and post large enough picture to enjoy it rather then make it very small.

Thanks for the information Jim. A bought a batch watermark creator, but have vacillated on adding watermarks to my image. I have become more conscious, and concerned, about this issue since taking my site and blog live in the last month or so.

I did some editing on a photo while I had Affinity Photo - Trial version. I just purchased the software, opened the photo I'd edited...I re-saved it using the paid-for version, but the watermark remains on it from the trial version (I can't see the watermark in Affinity, or when I simply view the image in Windows, but it shows up when I import the file into another program.) Is there some way to get rid of the watermark?? or will I have to start over and re-edit the photo from the original again? Thx.

Its one of my own photos. There is no watermark on the original and I didn't use any other program that Affinity Photo ... It says "Image" faintly across the middle of the pic. If its not from the trial version then perhaps I somehow added it, myself, unknowingly, in the program. lol. Either way, I'd like to remove it!

Take a look in the layers panel to see if there is a text layer that says "image", if there is no text layer then the watermark is embedded into the actual image, If the watermark is solid any detail below it is lost, if it's translucent you might be able to change the pixels from looking washed out but really I'd just re-edit the original image.

There is no layer for the watermark. I figure its embedded into the image. Just because it doesn't show in windows viewer or affinity doesn't mean it doesn't have a watermark - sometimes you can view images online & they don't have watermarks, but when you download them they do. Thanks for all the comments, but I'm just going to redo the image.

Just because it doesn't show in windows viewer or affinity doesn't mean it doesn't have a watermark - sometimes you can view images online & they don't have watermarks, but when you download them they do.

I believe what you want to do is something similar to the post that I shared with you and that you need to use a concatenate() of those variables with the watermark. I would use one question that would take each of the 5 "attributes" that you want to reference within the watermark and concatenate them together, then reference that question within the watermark. ff782bc1db

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