We use natural or experimental gradients of animal density or presence to quantify zoogeochemical impacts: the direct and indirect impacts that animals have on freshwater ecosystem function

We use a response-and-effect trait framework to help us understand why freshwater animal populations are declining, and what the consequences of these declines are for Earth's ecosystems

We use modern, high-throughput elemental analysis methods to quantify animal-driven patterns across the entire elementome, or the full suite of ~25 chemical elements needed to sustain life