A PC card, also known as a PCMCIA card, is a credit card-sized memory or input/output (I/O) device that fits into a PC, usually a laptop. Developed by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, a PC card adds peripheral capability to a laptop. In this sense, it is an expansion card.

The PC card is not to be confused with another credit card-sized electronic card, the smart card, which contains an embedded microprocessor and memory, and is commonly used to authenticate users for a wide range of applications.


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In the 1990s, the PC card added peripheral functionality to laptop computers, similar to what plugin boards did for desktops. The card was a plugin module containing a peripheral device, such as a modem, network adapter or storage drive. Although originally developed for use with many devices, including digital cameras, PC cards were most frequently used with laptop computers as many were equipped with ports that accommodated PC cards. The port made it possible to upgrade a laptop without opening the device, which was especially useful when an internal component stopped working or became obsolete.

The PC card was originally built around an enhanced 16-bit Industry Standard Architecture bus platform. It used a 68-pin, dual-row connecting interface and was similar in size to a standard credit card, but slightly thicker with more rounded corners. All PC cards were either 3.3-volt or 5-volt cards; the 3.3 V cards came with a protection feature that prevented use in a 5 V-only port. However, some cards could work in either 3.3 V or 5 V mode.

The card was based on standards published by the PCMCIA, an industry group set up in 1989 to promote standards for memory expansion cards and I/O integrated circuit cards. Because of the standards group's involvement, it was also known as a PCMCIA card. The PCMCIA Standard 2.1 was published in 1993 to provide assurance to PC users that peripheral devices that followed the standard would be compatible with their systems. The standard was most commonly applied to portable PCs, but it could also be used on desktop computers.

The PCMCIA standard allowed a maximum card length of 135.6 millimeters (mm) so that the PC card could extend outside the host and accommodate bulky devices such as batteries, oversized connectors, removable media, transceivers and antennas that some devices required.

Available in three types, the PC card offered data rates of up to 40 megabytes per second (MBps). All three versions of the PC card were similar in size to a credit card -- 85.6 mm (3.37 inches) long and 54.0 mm (2.13 inches) wide -- although their thickness varied, giving rise to different form factors.

A Type I PC card occupied a single PC card slot and was mainly used for RAM or flash memory expansion. Type II cards added functionalities such as modems and network connections that were not already built into the laptop. These cards often came with a dongle or short wire with a full-size connector to provide a jack for connecting equipment to the device.

The Type I and Type II cards were mechanically compatible, which means a Type I card would work in a Type II slot. In addition, both these cards could work in a Type III slot. However, Type III cards would not work in Type I and II slots since these slots were meant for thinner cards. Also, Type III cards could accommodate connectors without a dongle.

Another type of PC card, the Type IV, was not officially recognized or standardized by the PCMCIA. It was introduced by Toshiba for use with its notebook computers and other machines. These devices featured a nonstandard, oversized slot to fit nonstandard, oversized PC cards with a thickness ranging from 14.5 mm to 16 mm.

A CableCard is a Type II PC card that allows U.S. consumers to view -- and record -- digital cable television channels. Roughly the size of a credit card, it can be used with compatible third-party devices such as PCs, TVs and DVRs to access TV services and cable content.

The PC card was eventually superseded by CardBus and ExpressCard, which offered data rates of up to 132 MBps and 342 MBps, respectively. Today, PC cards are no longer commonly used for memory expansion, although some portable computers do still use them for attaching peripheral devices such as network cards, modems and hard disk drives.

PC cards have been largely replaced by the ExpressCard interface. Unlike the PC card, the ExpressCard has a USB interface, and both its types have a standard thickness of 5 mm and length of 75 mm. Also, all modern-day laptop functions that the PC card interface was originally designed for are now powered by USB devices. The PCMCIA itself disbanded in 2009, turning over further development of ExpressCard to the USB Implementers Forum.

I open my powershell using a smart card, which my Active Directory account is pointed to use. I run the cmdlet Rename-Computer with a parameter of -DomainCredential and an argument of (Get-Credential). I select my certificate to use, enter my pin and it throws an exception of "value was either too large or too small for an int32". I am proving the local credentials as well.

I shoot a D750 and the past couple of shoots has me scratching my head. All pics taken are visible when viewing on camera but taking the card out and trying to import or see pics in Finder show zero pics. I have to use a data recovery app to deep scan and grab the images off of the card. What would cause this?

There could be a number of reasons. Are you using a card reader? It may be that you need to update firmware for the reader. What kind of computer is it? What cards are you using? Similar issues with any other bodies?

Are you shooting in RAW (NEF)? If so your computer can't see those as image files directly, you need some kind of raw processing software. I assume you see the files with the computer, just no images.

I have had this occur with new cards twice. The cards don't seem to be compatible with either the computer, or with the reader. I know that you don't want to do this, as you loose your images, but I solved it both times by formatting the two cards in the computer, rather than just in the camera. As soon as I did that, both worked flawlessly. Now, when I buy a new card, I first format the card in the camera; then in the computer.

Open 'My Computer' and you will see the drive. As a safety measure, you should double click it so you can examine it's contents one last time to confirm that this is the right drive that you wish to format. If you make a mistake, you can't reverse the process. In fact, you may want to first back the card up on a hard drive (even if you can't see any images. They are there. The reader just isn't reading them).

When I had this issue, my uneducated, un-expert, opinion was that either the camera, or the computer did not recognize each other's system for formatting. As such, one or the other, didn't recognize the card as actually being formatted. When I formatted the cards (one was a Lexar and one was a SanDisk) using both the camera and the computer, it never happened again. I also have several older cards that were formatted in older Nikon DSLR cameras that I used to own. The images on those cards would not appear when using Windows 7. However, the other day, I tried one of these older cards in Windows 10. At first, it would not read. Then a box appeared, telling me that it was being converted somehow. It flashed on and off the screen, I didn't read exactly what it said. Suddenly, the images came onto the screen. I suspect that the Windows 10 software has some method of detecting and dealing with this issue.

You might try a clean download. When Microsoft forced Win 10 into my computer, my Photoshop Elements 14 would no longer work properly to import images. I removed it; and reinstalled Win 7. My Elements program resumed working. About two months later, I stripped everything out of my laptop (backing up, first, of course). Then, I did a clean install of Win 10, followed by re-inserting my other stuff (Elements 14, Photomatix, FocusTune, Office Word & Picture Manager, Image Composite Editor, Helicon Focus 6, Helicon Remote, ColorMonki, ColorChecker Passport, Adobe DNG Converter, Sigma Optimization Pro and drivers for two printers). Everything works without a hitch. Maybe it will work for you.

In windows 10 find Video Editor. You can make a video with multiple clips and they play in one continuous video. Each clip can also be edited to cut parts out, add some text etc. Not sure how many you can add at once, but it is a way to join some together from your MicroSD card,

How so ? I took one of the 2000x Lexar cards out of my GH5 with (stills/ 4K) videos and used the Lexar UHS-II reader like in that link above to upload from the USB3 port on my Mac Pro. Fast cards and readers upload faster than the slower ones as shown in the links. e24fc04721

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