An inventor's own knowledge is a key input in the innovation process. This knowledge can be built by interacting with and learning from others. This paper uses a new large-scale panel dataset on European inventors matched to their employers and patents. We document key empirical facts on inventors' productivity over the life cycle, inventors' research teams, and interactions with other inventors. Among others, most patents are the result of collaborative work. Interactions with better inventors are very strongly correlated with higher subsequent productivity. These facts motivate the main ingredients of our new innovation-led endogenous growth model, in which innovations are produced by heterogeneous research teams of inventors using inventor knowledge. The evolution of an inventor's knowledge is explained through the lens of a diffusion model in which inventors can learn in two ways: By interacting with others at an endogenously chosen rate; and from an external, age-dependent source that captures alternative learning channels, such as learning-by-doing. Thus, our knowledge diffusion model nests inside the innovation-based endogenous growth model. We estimate the model, which fits the data very closely, and use it to perform several policy exercises, such as quantifying the large importance of interactions for growth, studying the effects of reducing interaction costs (e.g., through IT or infrastructure), and comparing the learning and innovation processes of different countries.

Just three hours until the next 4pm EST zoom workshop, wanting to write about the last one before it slips into the abyss of last week. I was even more nervous about this presentation than usual, not sure what the reception would be from this talented and brilliant group to the prospect of making paper dolls.


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These dolls were inspired by my wonderful memories of working with a truly gifted art teacher, Geraldine Merrill, who worked in a inner city school district that had many challenges. Geraldine broke all the rules, lived outside of the box, and created incredibly rich imagery with kids, including paper dolls, which were embellished in all sorts of unexpected ways.

Caspari gift wrap is thoughtfully designed to ensure your gifts are stunningly wrapped for any occasion. From under the tree to on the gift table, our heavy-weight, high-quality printed papers create beautiful gift presentations and make gifts easy to wrap. We offer a variety of finishes that range from subtly shiny to boldly metallic, as well as prints and patterns from artist and museums around the world to fit any personality. Each continuous roll of paper is printed in the USA using earth-friendly dyes and features a lightweight Enviro Core. Eight-foot-long roll.

I watched as one of my friends approached the bus and stopped, staring at the dancing puppets on the blanket. She leaned in closer to examine. She asked something of the vendor, and he grabbed two new dolls wrapped in cellophane, gently unwrapped them, and put them on the ground. The puppets immediately started jumping and dancing to the beat. My friend nodded, satisfied. The man rewrapped the dolls and handed them to my friend. She handed him a crisp 20-euro bill. I jumped out of my seat and ran towards the bus door.

Fifteen years later, in front of Tsukiji market in Tokyo, Victor asked me if I would be OK exploring the market on my own for an hour, while he went shopping for traditional Japanese woodblock prints a few subway stops away. We agreed on the meeting place and time, and I went off, wandering among fish stands and sushi restaurants. Deep into the maze of the market, I suddenly came upon a small clearing, a tiny square with a large oak tree in the middle. Under the oak tree, a huge Japanese man stood by a blanket on the ground with a boom box on the other end of it, blaring high-beat dance music. I stopped and stared, bewildered. Small paper cut-out dolls with yarn strings danced on the blanket.

Six thousand miles away and fifteen years later, the same scam was alive and doing well, according to the size of the crowd gathered around. I was no longer a nave twenty-year-old, I was going to figure this out. I immediately noticed a few things I missed the first time around. At least one person in the crowd was working with the scammer. He stood on the other side of the blanket, directly across the boom box. By his foot was a large duffel bag, his hand never left his pocket. He kept talking to people around, pretending he was one of them, enthusiastically exclaiming his amazement at these paper puppets every time someone new joined the crowd. If the crowd dispersed momentarily, his face immediately went blank, and he stared off into the distance. He never moved from his spot.

I circled the blanket watching the dolls carefully and pulled out my camera. Immediately the vendor rushed toward me shaking his head and pointing at my camera. No pictures. So, I thought, a camera can reveal something about this scam that is not seen with the naked eye. And finally, the most important clue. All puppets danced in one straight line exactly between the boombox and the duffel bag. I thought back to Italy where the dolls also danced in one straight line. It finally all clicked together. The little dark squares on the back of the puppets in Italy were missing from these dolls, but now I knew what they were. These were small thin magnets. Here, the scammers glued them between the paper cutout and cardboard backing, making it even harder to understand the grift.

The trick was simple. There was magnetic fishing line, so thin that it was invisible to the eye (but might show up on a camera if the light hit it just right), drawn between the boombox and the duffel bag, with one end going out of the duffel bag and into the trouser leg of the second scammer, who pulled and yanked on it through his pocket. The dolls were attached to the magnetic line with their little magnets, being jerked around to the music by a seemingly amazed spectator. I laughed out loud and the scammer encouragingly smiled at me, mistaking my smirking for amazement at his miraculously dancing puppets. He yelled out something in Japanese, most likely the price.

Did anyone buy these paper puppets with magnets? They dance from the vibration of the speaker of the radio. At least they did in (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-12096981', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Italy. When we arrived home we could not get them to stand up.

On a flat surface, lay out your paper. Use a thick brush dipped in water and wet the entire paper. Put a pea size small amount of gouache on a plate or palette and mix it with approximately a tablespoon of water. Use the smaller foam brush to paint stripes across the surface of the wet paper. You should see the paint fan out on to the wet surface. Continue to paint until you see the results you desire. Set aside to dry. When dry, repeat the painting process on the other side.

Once the paper is dry, punch out hearts in a variety of sizes. I thought about using my Silhouette to cut the hearts out, but I was concerned that the paper would be too thick to get a good cut. Plus the punch method seems a little faster.

I cut a large piece of paper that was 3 ft by 8 ft and made the base tube for the head about 5 ft around. Inside the base tube are 3 rings( also about 5 ft around )that are cut from sturdy cardboard that were used as ribs to keep the size and shape of the tube . The rings were duct taped to the paper base tube. The rings are placed about a third of the way from the top and the bottom and at the center . The tube is formed with 2 layers of paper wrapped around the rib rings . I glued these paper layers together.

Then I added one more layer of paper . The final layer of paper has vertical wrinkles in the of paper for a bark-like appearance . For the wrinkles I took a piece of paper the size of the headpiece and made a roll (about the size of a roll of gift wrap ). Then I squeezed the roll as tightly as I could until the paper was thoroughly creased. After opening the creased roll I tried to flatten it back out making sure that the creases were fairly even .

With the final creased layer laying flat on the ground I drew out flame-like branches at the top of the head. The flames vary from 8 to 10 inches and about 3 inches wide . They can be sketched on in pencil on the wrong side of the paper until the look is right. Once the look was right I simply cut the flames out with scissors. Then the top layer was glued on to the tube

First I placed a paper dress shape over the body form. Basically it is a paper tube with arm holes. The tube goes about down to me shins . I used the paper from the Home depot in the 3 ft. length it came in and just fit it loosely around my body to get the width.

Then starting at one shoulder, I wrapped twisted 12 ft lengths of the 18 inch wide paper around the body in diagonal twists . . I placed another twist of the paper immediately adjacent to the first , following the same diagonal path. Continuing with this pattern, i completely covered the entire tube dress. To keep the diagonal wraps of paper in place I used a lot of pins.Once I was satisfied with the vine-like appearance of the diagonal paper wraps then I painted a 50/50 mix of white glue and water into all the joining areas of the paper. 17dc91bb1f

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