Publications

2025

Quinn, M., Engle, J.M., Fowler, K.F., Harrod, M., Clive, D., Ehrlinger, R., Houchens, N., Green, P., and Saint, S. (2025, accepted for publication). Patient Journeys: A Qualitative Assessment Exploring Patient Availability and Interest in Whole Health Services, Journal of Patient Safety,

Li, G., Yan, J., Qiu, Y., Li, Q., Li, J., Li, S.E. and Green, P. (2025). Lightweight Strategies for Decision-Making of Autonomous Vehicles in Lane Change Scenarios Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Green, P., Mantooth, W., and McSweeney, K. (2025, accepted, in preparation). Safety Issues for Wave Energy Converters (WECs), Houston, Texas: 2025 Mary Kay O’Connor Safety & Risk Conference

Duan, L., Xu, B., and Green, P. (2025). Adding and Assessing Vehicle Sound and Steering Feedback: Application to an Unreal Engine Driving Simulator. (SAE technical paper 2025-01-8668), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P. (2025, in preparation). Visual Occlusion Time, an Indicator of Driving Workload: The Effects of Lane Width and Speed (technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2025). Wave Energy Systems: Human Factors Needs and Task Analysis (technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Wasi, H., Miller, B., and Capderou, E., (2025). Wave Energy Systems: Standards for Personal Safety and Safety Management (technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

McSweeney, K., Wang, S., Mantooth, W., Lou, J., and Green, P. (2025). Establishing System and Personnel Safety Recommendations / Guidance for MET (technical report), Houston, TX: American Bureau of Shipping.

Green, P. (2025, to appear). Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces in Jacko, J. (ed.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (5th ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Green, P. (2025, to appear). Driver Eye Fixations in Masliah, M (ed.). Human Factors in Traffic Safety, Tucson, AZ: Lawyers and Judges Publishing.

2024

Guo, Z., Chang, X., Li, G., Zhou, M., Yuan, B., Xu, H., ... & Green, P. (2024). The Effectiveness of Tactile Intervention Sensors in Mitigating Fatigue of High-Speed Railway Drivers. IEEE Sensors Journal.

Li, G., Zhang, L., Li, C., Li, Z., Gao, F., Zheng, L., & Green, P. (2024). Investigating the Influence of Driving on Brain Connectivity Networks and Emotion Processing Mechanism Based on EEG Signals. IEEE Sensors Journal.

Li, G., Yuan, Y., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, W., Li, Z., & Green, P. (2024). A super-resolution framework for emotion recognition based on EEG signals. IEEE Sensors Journal.

Nalawade, T., Fu, S., Green, P.A. (2024). Enhancing Interface Usability: Widget Selection Parameters, Apple and Microsoft Design Guidelines, and Research Data, SID Vehicle Displays and Interfaces 2024, meeting of Society for Information Display Metro-Detroit chapter, Detroit Michigan.

Green, P. (2024). Applying the SEEV Model to Assess Where People Will Look: Practical Considerations, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Phoenix, AZ, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Green, P. (2024). Estimating How Long In-Vehicle Tasks Take: Static Data for Distraction and Ease-of-Use Evaluations (SAE paper 2024-01-2505), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P., Wasi, H., and Miller, B. (2024). Wave Energy Systems: Context and Types to Identify Safety and Human Factors Issues (technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. Brennan-Carey, Wasi, H., Koca, E., Miller, B., and Fu, S. (2024, December). UMTRI – U.S. Army Handbook of Driving Performance Measures and Statistics (version 1.0) (technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Chen, W., Zengin, H., Xu, B., Green, P., Duan, L., and Rasul, Q. (2024, July). Implementing Visual Occlusion in an Unreal Engine Driving Simulator and Windows Operating System, (technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Duan, L., Jun, A., Rasul, Q., Zengin, H., Xu, B., Chen, W., and Green, P. (2024, September). Adding Vehicles with Realistic Sound and Steering Feedback to the Unreal Engine Driving Simulator (technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2024). Driving Scenarios – Terms, Organization, and Content: A Literature Review (UMTRI technical report 2024-xx), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2024). The SEEV Model of Where People Look: A Literature Review of Its Implementation and Derivatives (UMTRI technical report 2024-xx), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2024). Paul A. Green Accepts Arnold M. Small and Betty M. Sanders President’s Distinguished Service Award (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0qs7A86GFw)

Green, P. (2024). How Should We Describe How Well People Drive? The UMTRI – U.S. Army Handbook of Driving Performance Definitions and Statistics, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ.

Maikala, R., Fox, R., Reid, C., Rempel, D., Green, P., and Fukuzumi, S. (2024). IEA presentation Ergonomics Standards Development Lifecycle and Specific Updates on Current Work: Perspectives from ISO and Affiliated Organizations (Panel discussion), 22nd Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, August 22-25, Korea.

2023

Li, G., Qiu, Y., Yang, Y., Li, Z., Li, S., Chu, W., Green, P., and Li, S.E. (2023). Lane Change Strategies for Autonomous Vehicles: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach Based on Transformer, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 8(3), 2197-2211.

Li, G., Olaverri-Monreal, C., Zhang, H., Li, K., & Green, P. (2023). Preface for Human-Like Smart Autonomous Driving for Intelligent Vehicles and Transportation Systems. Automotive Innovation, 1-2.

Li, G., Wu, X., Eichberger, A., Green, P., Olaverri-Monreal, C., Yan, W., ... & Li, Y. (2023). Drivers’ EEG Responses to Different Distraction Tasks. Automotive Innovation, 1-12.

Green, P., Koca, E., and Brennan-Carey, C. (2023). Estimates of In-Vehicle Task Element Times for Usability and Distraction Evaluations (SAE paper 2023-01-0789), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Zheng, H., Hu, F., and Green, P. (2023). Assessing Driver Distraction: Enhancements of the ISO 26022 Lane Change Task to Make Its Difficulty Adjustable (SAE paper 2023-01-0791), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P. and Mikulski, T. (2023). A Standard Set of Courses to Assess the Quality of Driving Off-Road Combat Vehicles (SAE paper 2023-01-0114), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P. (2023). Driving Performance Measures and Statistics: Definitions and Data, Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Green, P. (2023). Creating a Simulation to Teach People About a Medical Device: An LAVD As an Example (Work in Progress), Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Washington D.C.

Green, P. (2023). Assessing the Quality of Driving On and Off-Road Vehicles: Measures and Statistics of Driving Performance (presentation), Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 10.

2022

Li, Guofa, Delin Ouyang, Yufei Yuan, Wenbo Li, Zizheng Guo, Xingda Qu, and Paul Green. (2022). An EEG data processing approach for emotion recognition. IEEE Sensors Journal.

Li, G., Qiu, Y., Yang, Y., Li, Z., Li, S., Chu, W., ... & Li, S. E. (2022). Lane change strategies for autonomous vehicles: a deep reinforcement learning approach based on transformer. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles.

Green, P. (2022). Estimating the Workload of Driving Using Video Clips As Anchors (SAE paper 2022-01-0805). (later published in SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility, also listed in Proceedings papers).

Koca, E., & Green, P. (2022, September). Databases for Estimating Task Element Times: An Overview. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 1591-1595.

Green. P. (2022). Determining the Workload of Driving Scenarios Using Ratings to Support Safety and Usability Assessments, VEHITS Conference, 96-104.

Green, P. (2022). Development of a Standard for Driving Performance Measures and Statistics, Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Green, P. (2022). Effect of the Commander’s Interface, Crew Size, and Task Switching on Formation Change and Mission Performance, Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Green, P. (2022). Estimating the Visual Demand of Driving, Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Green, P. (2022). Proposals to Support for the Citation of Standards in HFES Publications, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, October 25.

Nakisher, E. and Green, P. (2022). Assessing Human Use of Partially-Automated Motor Vehicles: A Subjective Method for Use by Human Factors Experts, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, October

Green, P. (2022). Assessing the Quality of Driving On and Off-Road Vehicles: Measures and Statistics of Driving Performance (presentation), Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 22.

2021

Li, G., Yang, L., Li, S., Luo, X., Qu, X., & Green, P. (2021). Human-like decision making of artificial drivers in intelligent transportation systems: An end-to-end driving behavior prediction approach. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine.

Mikulski, T., Ferris, T., Green, P., and Anderson, R. (2021). Usability Study I for Crew Optimization & Augmentation Technologies, Warren, Michigan: DCS Corporation.

Mikulski, T., Ferris, T., and Green, P. (2021). Engineering Evaluation Test II for Crew Optimization & Augmentation Technologies, Warren, Michigan: DCS Corporation.

Green, P. (2021). Assessing the Quality of Driving of Off-Road Vehicles: Test Courses for the U.S. Army, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

2020

Green, P. (2020). ISO Human-Computer Interaction Standards: Finding Them and What They Contain, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 400-404.

Green, P., Brennan-Carey, C., Koca, E., Lin, K., and Collard, T. (2020). Estimation of Task and Task Element Times As a Function of Occlusion: Data from Radio Tuning, Street Address Entry, and POI Selection Tasks (UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2020). Distribution of Times for Selected In-Vehicle Task Elements for Distraction and Ease-of-Use Evaluations (UMTRI technical report). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Savoca, J., Koca, E., Brennan-Carey, C., Zhang, C., Nona, L., Lee, S., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Estimates of In-Vehicle Task Element Times Based on Predetermined Time Systems, KLM, SAE J2365, and HCI Literature (UMTRI technical report). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Nona, L., and Koca, E. (2020). Estimating In-Vehicle Task Times and Occlusion Times for Usability Evaluation and NHTSA Guidance Compliance: A Background Literature Review (UMTRI technical report). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Meddings, J., Ameling, J., and Green, P. (2020). Displaying Medical Information in Hospital Rooms: Best Practices from Human Factors Engineering and Application to Developing a Patient Safety Display (poster presentation), Society of Hospital Medicine Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, 04/16/2020

Green, P. (2020). Armored Vehicle Baseline Driving (AV-BADR) Tasks, Automotive Research Center (ARC) Annual Meeting.

2019

Li, G., Wang, Y., Zhu, F., Sui, X., Wang, N., Qu, X., & Green, P. (2019). Drivers’ visual scanning behavior at signalized and unsignalized intersections: A naturalistic driving study in China. Journal of Safety Research, 71, 219-229.

Li, G., Zhu, F., Qu, X., Cheng, B., and Green, P. (2019). Driving Style Classification Based on Driving Operational Pictures, IEEE Access.

Wintersberger, P., van der Heiden, R., Borojeni, S. S., Gerber, M. A., & Green, P. (2019, September). First workshop on attentive and pervasive UI in automated vehicles. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings, 63-70.

Green, P. (2019). SAE Automotive Human Factors Standards: Finding Them and What They Contain, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 582-586.

Liu, K., Green, P., and Liu, Y. (2019). Traffic and Ratings of Driver Workload: The Effect of the Number of Vehicles and Their Distance Headways, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2134-2138.

Green, P. (2019). UMTRI Design Guidelines and Supporting Information for Automated Driving Systems, version 2.0, (technical report UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2019). Symposium proposal: The Role of Human Factors Standards in Advancing Science and Practice: Some Examples from Automotive, Nuclear, Healthcare, and Petrochemical Industries, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Green, P. (2019). Human Factors and Automotive Standards: YouTube Series Overview (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEldEsm4y7c)

Green, P. (2019). Automotive Human Factors Standards and Related Topics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO7tthZE7v4&t=1s (3 videos)

Green, P. (2019). Human-Computer Interaction Standards and Guidelines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRKcUWcU3pY

Green, P. (2019). Human Factors / Ergonomics Standards https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKU2f7mwXxs&t=59s

Green, P. (2019). Core and Newer SAE Vehicle Standards https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGJ75Yf99ls

Green, P. (2019). Should HFES Publications Be Required to Cite Standards? Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

2018

Shen, J., Li, G., Yan, W., Tao, W., Xu, G., Diao, D., & Green, P. (2018). Nighttime Driving Safety Improvement via Image Enhancement for Driver Face Detection. IEEE Access, 6, 45625-45634.

Liao, Y., Li, G., Li, S., Cheng, G.B., and Green, P. (2018). Understanding Driver Response Patterns to Mental Workload Increase in Typical Driving Scenarios, IEEE Access 6(1), 35890-35900.

Liu, K. and Green, P. (2018). Driver Responses to Augmented Reality Warnings and Alternatives at Urban Signalized Intersections, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1924-1928.

Green, P. (2018). Development of Human Factors and Automotive Standards Curricula Materials for the University of Michigan and Beyond (technical report UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2018). Getting Research into Practice via Standards: Standards 101 (UMTRI technical report ), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Majeske, Z., Mo, P., Shih, D., Min, S., Patel, D., and Nassar, A. (2018). Haptic Feedback from Primary Controls: A Literature Review, (UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Rudin-Brown, C.M. (2018). The Find, Perceive, Decide, Execute (FPDE) Method for Assessing the Usability of Connected and Automated Vehicle HMIs (UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Rudin-Brown, C.M. (2018). The Find, Perceive, Decide, Execute (FPDE) Method: Examination of 3 Partially-Automated Vehicles (UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2018). UMTRI – Changan HMI Design Guidance for Automated Driving Systems, version 1.0 ( UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2018). Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces (Chapter 40) in Norman, K. and Kirakowski, J. (eds.) The Wiley Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (4th ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Green, P. (2018). Why You Should Know About Standards, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

2017

Green, P., Cheydleur, G., Deng, R., and Sanchez, R. (2017). Free Smartphone Apps to Support Human Factors / Ergonomics Work, Ergonomics in Design, 28(1), 4-16.

Zhou, S., Jeong, H., & Green, P. A. (2017). How Consistent Are the Best-Known Readability Equations in Estimating the Readability of Design Standards? IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 60(1), 97-111.

Li, G., Li, S.E., Cheng, B., and Green, P. (2017). Estimation of Driving Style in Naturalistic Highway Traffic Using Maneuver Transition Probabilities, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 74, 113-125.

Green, P. (2017). Improving the Timing of Conference Presentations Using Web Applications, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society International Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 532-536.

Liu, K. and Green, P. (2017). The Conclusion of a Driving Study About Warnings Depends on How Response Time is Defined, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society International Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1876-1880.

Wintersburger, P., Green, P., and Riener, A. (2017, poster with paper). Am I Driving or Are You or Are We Both? A Taxonomy for Handover and Handback in Automated Driving, Driving Assessment Conference.

Green, P., George, D., Cheydleur, G., and Jan, J. (2017). Core Design and Evaluation Guidelines and Standards for Automotive HMIs ( UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Rudin-Brown, C.M. (2017). Expert Review of Automated Vehicle Driver Interfaces: The Automation Literature (technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Cassano-Piche, A. and Green, P. (2017). Design Process and Automated Vehicle Driver Interfaces: An Outline Summary of Key Articles, Toronto, CA: Human Factors North.

Rudin-Brown, C.M. and Green, P. (2017). Expert Review of Automated Vehicle Driver Interfaces: The Automotive Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction Literature, Toronto, CA: Human Factors North.

Smiley, A., Smahel, T., and Green, P. (2017). Laboratory Testing of Level 2 and Level 3 Driver Interfaces: A Literature Review, Toronto, CA: Human Factors North.

Green, P. (2017). Human Factors for Connected and Automated Vehicles: Lessons Learned About Methods from Previous Field Operational Tests (technical report UMTRI-2016-xx), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2017). Things I Have Done You Could Find Interesting, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

Green, P. (2017). Human Factors and Automated Vehicles: What We Need to Know, Automotive Cockpit HMI USA 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, April 11, 2017.

Green, P. (2017). Workshop: What is the Process for Testing the Safety and Usability of an Automated Driving System HMI: Level 2 as a Case Study, CAR HMI USA 2017 – UX Redefined, Detroit, MI, April 24-25, 2017.

2016

Lin, B.T.W. and Green, P.A. (2016). A Simple Method to Record Keystrokes on Mobile Phones and Other Devices for Usability Evaluations, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Toronto, Canada.

Green, P. (2016). Motion Sickness and Concerns for Self-Driving Vehicles: A Literature Review (technical report UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W., Kang, T-P., and Green (2016). Drivers’ Responses to Augmented Reality Warnings for Crash Scenarios at Urban Signalized Intersections (UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W., Kang, T-P., Green, P., and Jeong, H. (2016). Analysis and Modeling of Drivers’ Responses at Urban Signalized Intersections (technical report UMTRI technical report), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Boll, S., Burnett, G., Gabbard, J., and Osswald, S. (2016). Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive’UI 16), (Ann Arbor, MI, USA — October 24 - 26, 2016), New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery.

Green, P. (2016). Low-Cost HMI Evaluation Methods to Assess Distraction and Workload (presentation), Automotive Cockpit HMI USA 2016, April 19, 2016, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Green, P. (2016). HMI Evaluation Methods Workshop (presentation), Automotive Cockpit HMI USA 2016, April 21, 2015, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Green, P. (2016). Engineering Driver Interfaces to Minimize Distraction and Support Automation and New Technology, Car HMI USA 2016 – UX Refined, April 25, 2016, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

2015

Jeong, H. and Green, P. (2015). Honking Helps Overcome the Driving-Too-Slowly Problem in Driving Simulators, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California.

Hoehener, D., Green, P. A., & Del Vecchio, D. (2015). Stochastic Hybrid Models for Predicting the Behavior of Drivers Facing the Yellow-Light-Dilemma. American Control Conference.

Kun, A., Gable, T.M., Green, P.A., Reimer, B., Janssen, C., Froehlich, P., Heean, P.A., Miller, W.T., Tashev, I., and Iqbal, S. (2015). CLW 2015: The Fifth Workshop on Cognitive Load and In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Proceedings of AutomotiveUI 2014, 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Loughborough, UK, September 2015.

Green, P., Kang, T-P., and Lin, B. (2015). Touch-Screen Task-Element Times for Improving SAE Recommended Practice J2365: A First Proposal (technical report ATLAS-2105-07), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Elwart, T., Green, P., and Lin, B. (2015). Predicting Driver Distraction Using Computed Occlusion Task Times: Estimation of Task Element Times and Distributions (technical report ATLAS-2015-01, UMTRI 2015-8), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2015). Driver Eye Fixations in Smiley, A. (ed.). Human Factors in Traffic Safety, Tucson, AZ: Lawyers and Judges Publishing.

Green, P. (2015). Driver Interface Research on Augmented Reality HUDS at Michigan, panel session – HUD and Augmented Reality: It is OK for Automotive? Society for Information Display (SID) Vehicle Displays 2015, Dearborn, MI, October 22, 2015.

Green, P. (2015). SAE Standards Related to Driving (and Other Topics) in Human Factors and Ergonomic Standards: An Overview, panel session at Human Factors and Ergonomics Society International Annual Meeting, October 29, 2015, Los Angeles, California.

Green, P. (2015). Low-Cost HMI Evaluation Methods to Assess Distraction and Workload, Automotive Cockpit HMI USA, May, 2015, Detroit, Michigan. (lecture & workshop)

2014

Li, G., Wang, W., Li, S.E., Cheng, B., and Green, P. (2014). Effectiveness of Flashing Brake and Hazard Systems in Avoiding Rear-End Crashes, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014.

Klinich, K.D., Manary, M.A., Flannagan, C.A.C., Ebert, S.M., Malik, L.A., Green, P.A., and Reed, M.P. (2014). Effect of Child Restraint Features on Installation Errors, Applied Ergonomics, 45(2), 270-277.

Green, P., Jeong, H., Kang, T. (2014). Using an OpenDS Driving Simulator for Car Following: A First Attempt, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Seattle, WA, USA.

Kun, A.L., Froehlich, P., Green, P.A., Reimer, B., Heeman, P.A., Paek, T., Miller, W.T.III, Tashev, I., Iqbal, S., and Gable, T.M. (2014). CLW 2014: The Fourth Workshop on Cognitive Load and In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Proceedings of AutomotiveUI 2014, 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Seattle, WA, October 2014.

Green, P. (2014). Doing Better Driving Research: Suggestions from a Reviewer, European Conference on Human Centred Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, Vienna, Austria (June 5-6).

Li, G., Wang, W., Green, P., Li, S., and Cheng, B. (2014). Effectiveness of Flashing Brake and Hazard Systems in Avoiding Rear-End Crashes, The 4th International Conference on Green Intelligent Transportation Systems and Safety.

Green, P. (2014). Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J2944: Operational Definitions for Driving Measures and Statistics (presentation in session 789, Standardization of Measurement of Driving Performance, presentation P14-5062), Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting.

Green, P., Echols, S., and Taylor, J. (2014). Crash Warning Systems: The Human Factors Literature and a Design Framework (technical report UMTRI-2014-34), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W., Kang, T-P., and Green, P. (2014). Driver Response Times to In-Vehicle Warning Signals (technical report UMTRI-2014-37), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Miller, S., Bauman, A., Comastro, K., Green, P. (2014). Pre-test Checks of the Accuracy of Test Vehicle CAN and Other Data for Human Factors Studies, (technical Report UMTRI-2014-22), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Lin, B.T-W. (2014). How Long Can Drivers Look Away from the Road: Some Key Documents (technical report UMTRI-2014-xx), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Kang, T-P., Lin, B.T-W., Green, P., Miller, S., and Comastro, K. (2014). Evaluation of a Head-Orientation-Based Distraction Warning System (technical report 2013-47), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Figueroa, R., and Napoleon, A. (2014, December). Getting Your Student Chapter to the Annual Meeting: The Michigan Experience, HFES Bulletin, 57(12).

Green, P. (2014). Low-Cost HMI Evaluation Methods to Assess Distraction and Workload, Automotive Cockpit HMI USA, April 28,2014, Detroit, Michigan.

Green, P. (2014). Safety and Human Factors Standards for Driving, Workshop on Human Factors in Vehicles (HFIV-14), IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, June 8, 2014, Dearborn, Michigan.

2013

Akamatsu, M., Green, P., and Bengler, K. (2013). Automotive Technology and Human Factors Research: Past, Present and Future, International Journal of Vehicular Technology

Cai, H., Green, P. A. & Kim, J. J. (2013). Estimating the Legibility of a Single Letter E Viewed at Different Display Angles, Applied Ergonomics, July, 44(4), 575-587.

Green, P. and Park, J.-S. (2013). Evaluation of a Navigation Radio Using the Think-Aloud Method, International Journal of Vehicular Technology.

Lo, V. E-W. and Green, P.A. (2013). Development and Evaluation of Automotive Speech Interfaces: Useful Information from the Human Factors and Related Literature, International Journal of Vehicular Technology.

Kun, A., Reimer, B., Froehlich, P., Heeman, P.A., Miller, W.R., Green, P.A., Tashev, I., Iqbal, S., and Kern, D. (2013), CLW 2013: The Third Workshop on Cognitive Load and In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications.

Green, P. (2013). Standard Definitions for Driving Measures and Statistics: Overview and Status of Recommended Practice J2944, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 198-191.

Green, P. (2013). Eleven Tips to Find Course Material When Time is Limited, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 467-471.

Green, P. (2013). Driving Performance Measurement (panel session: New Developments in ISO/SAE Standards Related to Human Factors in Displays), Vehicle Display Symposium 2013 (20th Annual Symposium on Vehicle Displays), Dearborn, MI.

Green, P. (2013). SAE Recommended Practice J2944 Operational Definitions of Driver Performance Measures and Statistics (panel session: New Developments in Standards for Assessing Driver Performance and Workload), Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.

Jeong, H. and Green, P. (2013). SAE and ISO Standards for Warnings and Other Driver Interface Elements: A Summary (technical report 2013-16), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W. and Green, P. (2013). Measurements of Driver Assistance Warning Signal Characteristics in 2013 Cars (technical report UMTRI -2103-3), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Akamatsu, M., Green, P., and Bengler, K. (2013). Editorial: Advances of Human Factors Research for Future Vehicular Technology, International Journal of Vehicular Technology.

Green, P. (2013). Driving Performance Measurement (SAE Recommended Practice J2944 Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures and Statistics), panel session at: Vehicle Display Symposium 2013 (20th Annual Symposium on Vehicle Displays), Dearborn, MI.

2012

Green, P., Lin, B., and Lo, E-W. (2012). Anchored Workload Ratings: A Method to Support Studies of Drivers of All Ages, International Conference on Aging, Mobility, and Quality of Life (AMQoL), Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Green, P. (2012, October). Using Standards to Improve the Replicability and Applicability of Driver Interface Research, Proceedings of AutomotiveUI 2012, 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Portsmouth, NH. (invited plenary address).

Green, P. (2012, October). In-vehicle UI Standards (Tutorial T3), Proceedings of Automotive UI 2012, 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Portsmouth, NH.

Kun, A.L., Reimer, B., Froehlich, P., Heeman, P.A., Paek, T., Miller, W.T.III, Green, P.A., Tashev, I., Iqbal, S., Kern, D. (2012, October). W2: CLW 2012: The Second Workshop on Cognitive Load and In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Proceedings of AutomotiveUI 2012, 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Portsmouth, NH.

Green, P., Lin. B., and Lo, E-W. (2012). Anchored Workload Ratings: A Method to Support Studies of Drivers of All Ages, International Conference on Aging, Mobility, and the Quality of Life.

Kun, A.L., Reimer, B., Froehlich, P., Heeman, P.A., Paek, T., Miller, W.T., Green, P.A., Tashev, I., Iqbal, S., and Kern, D. (2012). CLW: The Second Workshop on Cognitive Load and In-vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Automotive User Interface (AutoUI) Conference.

Kang, T-P., Lin, B.T.W., Green, P., Pettinato, S., and Best, A. (2012). Usability of a Hyundai-Kia Generation 4 Prototype Navigation Radio: Evidence from an Occlusion Experiment and SAE J 2365 and Pettitt’s Method Calculations (technical report UMTRI 2012-37), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W., Green, P., Kang, T-P., Pettinato, S., and Best, A. (2012). Usability of a Hyundai-Kia Generation 4 Prototype Navigation Radio: Evidence from a Think-Aloud Experiment (technical report UMTRI 2012-37), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Jeong, H. and Green, P. (2012). Forward Collision Warning Modality and Content: A Summary of Human Factors Experiments (technical report UMTRI 2012-35), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T.W., Green, P., Kang, T-P., and Lo, E-W. (2012). Development and Evaluation of New Anchors for Ratings of Driving Workload (technical report UMTRI 2012-14), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Kang, T-P., Tsang-Wei, B., Lo, E-W., Best, A., and Mize, A. (2012). Driver Reactions to an Automatic Crash Avoidance Braking System (technical report UMTRI-2012-11), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lin, B.T-W, Green, P., Kang, T-P, Mize, A., Best, A., and Su, K. (2012). Touch Screen Menu Selection Time and SAE J2365 Predictions of Them (Technical Report UMTRI-2012-9), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2012). Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces (Chapter 32) in Jacko, J. (ed.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction (3rd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Green, P. (2012). Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces (Chapter 58), in Savendy, G. (ed), Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (4th. ed.), New York, NY: Wiley.

2011

Lo, V. E-W., Green, P.A., and Franzblau, A. (2011). Where Do People Drive? Navigation System Use by Typical Drivers and Auto Experts, Journal of Navigation, 64(2), 357-373.

Cai, H., Kim, J-J., and Green, P.A. (2011). Computational Assessment of Text Legibility in Lecture Halls, Indoor and Built Environment, 20(3), 321-332.

Kun, A.L., Heeman, P.A., Paek, T., Green, P.A., Tashev, I., Forehlich, P., Reimer, B., Ibal, S., and Kern, D. (2011). Cognitive Load and In-vehicle Human-Machine Interaction, Automotive User Interface (AutoUI) Conference.

Green, P. (2011). Human Factors and Patient Safety: A Course Outline (Technical Report UMTRI-2011-50), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. Kang, Te-Ping, Alter, M., Best, A., and Lin, B. (2011). Driver Performance with and Preferences for Lane Departure Warning System Feedback: Steering Wheel Torque vs. Vibration (technical report UMTRI-2011), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Lin, B., Kang, Te-Ping, and Best, A. (2011). Manual and Speech Entry of Text Messages while Driving (technical report UMTRI-2011-47), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Blakeslee, D. and Green, P. (2011). Driver Comments on Their Experience with Crash Braking Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-2011-35), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Lin, B.T.W., Schweitzer, J., Ho, H., and Stone, K. (2011). Evaluation of a Method to Estimate Driving Workload in Real Time: Watching Clips Versus Simulated Driving (technical report UMTRI 2011-29), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Diebol, J.K., Park, J.S., and Ho, H. (2011). Visual Occlusion and the Workload of the Primary Task of Driving: A Review of the Literature (technical report UMTRI-2010-11), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

2010

Green, P. (2010). What Should We Look for in HFES Officers? Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Bulletin, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Green, P. (2010). Driver Distraction/Overload Research and Engineering: Problems and Solutions (SAE paper 2010-01-2331), Convergence Conference Proceedings, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Park, J-S., Green, P., and Alter, M. (2010). Usability Assessment of the Mobis Gen 3 Navigation Radio (technical Report UMTRI-2010-23), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

2009

Cai, H. and Green, P. (2009). Legibility Index for Examining Common Viewing Situations: A New Definition Using Solid Angle, Leukos, April, 5(4), 279-295.

Lin, T-W, Hwang, S-L, and Green, P.A. (2009). Effects of Time-Gap Settings of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driving Performance and Subjective Acceptance in a Bus Driving Simulator, Safety Science, 47(5), 620-625.

Green, P. (2009). The Next Year in HFES, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Bulletin, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Perchonok, J. and Green, P. (2009). Facilitating Driver Interaction with a Robotic Driving Assistant: Some Insights from the Literature (technical report UMTRI 2009-21), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Schweitzer, J. and Green, P. (2009). Instructions for Using the UMTRI Expressway Scenario Creation and Control Software (technical report UMTRI 2009-19), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Schweitzer, J. and Green, P. (2009). Instructions for Using the UMTRI Urban Scenario Creation and Control Software (technical report UMTRI 2009-20), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Schweitzer, J., Green, P., and Worrel, B. (2009). Baseline Driving Data for Scenarios Created Using the UMTRI Driving Scenario Development Software (technical report UMTRI 2009-16), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Worrel, B. and Green, P. (2009). Scenario Selection and Planning of Scenarios for the GM DriveSafety Driving Simulator (technical report UMTRI 2009-17), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

2008

Green, P. (2008). Using Haikus, Limericks, and Other Poetic Forms to Summarize Human Factors Literature, Ergonomics in Design, 16(4), 23-24.

Mandua, D., Serafin, C., Bezzina, D., Tsimhoni, O., and Green, P. (2008). Developing an Effective Multi-Modal, Multiple-Warning System: The Process for IVBSS, paper presented at the ITS-America 2008 meeting.

Green, P. (2008). Driver Interface/HMI Standards to Minimize Driver Distraction/Overload (SAE paper 2008-21-2002), Convergence Conference Proceedings, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P. (2008). Developing Complex Crash Warning Simulations for Human Factors Evaluations, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Green, P., Schweitzer, J., Alter, M., and Demeniuk, C. (2008). Traffic Signal Violation Warnings: Driver Interface Development and an Initial Driving Simulator Evaluation, (technical report UMTRI-2008-11), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Demeniuk, C., and Jih, S. (2008). In-Vehicle Traffic Signal Warnings: A Review of the Human Factors Literature (technical report UMTRI-2008-10), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P.A. Sullivan, J.M., Tsimhoni, O., Oberholtzer, J., Buonarosa, M.L., Devonshire, J., Schweitzer, J., Baragar, E., and Sayer, J.R. (2008). Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems (IVBSS): Human Factors and Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI) Summary Report (technical report UMTRI-2007-43), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2008). Driver Interface Safety and Usability Standards: An Overview, chapter 24 in Regan, M.A., Lee, J.D., and Young, K.L., Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects, and Mitigation, CRC Press.

2007

Green, P. (2007). Why Driving Performance Measures Are Sometimes Not Accurate (and Methods to Check Accuracy), 4th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design, Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa (http://ppc.uiowa.edu/driving-assessment/2007/).

Cai, H. & Green, P. (2007). New Definition of Legibility Index to Examine Off-axis Viewing of Text and Graphics. IESNA Annual Conference: Light Matters 2007: Integrating Light Into Our Environments, General Lighting Topics. January 28-30, 2007. Phoenix, AZ

Walls, S.M., Baron, A., and Green, P. (2007). Simulation of Destination Entry by Drivers: Typical User Task Times and Patterns for Manual and Speech Interfaces (Technical Report UMTRI 2007-7), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Walls, S.M., Baron, A., and Green, P. (2007). Nissan “Wiser Brain” Navigation System: Development Process, Design Guidelines and User Interface Simulation (Technical Report UMTRI 2007-6), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Lo, E-W., Walls, S.M., and Green, P. (2007). Simulation of iPod Music Selection by Drivers: Typical User Task Times and Patterns for Manual and Speech Interfaces (Technical Report UMTRI 2007-9), Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Alter, M., Lo, E-W., and Green, P. (2007). Passenger Car Rear Vision Camera Systems: Some Related Human Factors Literature, (UMTRI technical report 2007-8), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Alter, M., Schweitzer, J., Walls, S.M., and Lin, T-W. (2007). Camera Systems vs. Mirrors to Aid Driving: Driving Data, Maneuver Gaps, Glances, Situation Awareness Responses, and Subjective Ratings from an On-Road Experiment (UMTRI technical report 2007-49), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Yee, S., Nguyen, L., Green, P.A., Oberholtzer, J., and Miller, B. (2007). Visual, Auditory, Cognitive, and Psychomotor Demands of Real In-Vehicle Tasks (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-20), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (May)

Oberholtzer, J., Yee, S., Green, P.A., Eoh, H., Nguyen, L., and Schweitzer, J. (2007). Frequency of Distracting Tasks People Do While Driving: An Analysis of the ACAS FOT Data (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-17), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (June)

Green, P.E., Wada, T., Oberholtzer, J., Green, P.A., Schweitzer, J. and Eoh, H. (2007). How Do Distracted and Normal Driving Differ: An Analysis of the ACAS FOT Data (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-35, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (May)

Schweitzer, J. and Green, P.A. (2007). Task Acceptability and Workload of Driving Urban Roads, Highways, and Expressways: Ratings from Video Clips (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-6), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (May)

Green, P. (2007). Driver Eye Fixations, in Dewar, R.E. and Olson, P.L. (eds.), Human Factors in Traffic Safety (2nd ed.), Tucson, AZ: Lawyers and Judges Publishing. Note: editor of 2011 book is Smiley, A.

2006

Pew, R.W. and Green, P. (2006). Almost 50 Years of the University of Michigan Human Factors Engineering Summer Conference, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA.

Green, P. (2006). Driver Status and Implications for Crash Safety (SAE paper 2006-21-0028), Convergence 2006 Conference Proceedings, Detroit, Michigan.

Green, P. (2006). Methods for Assessing the Safety and Usability of In-Vehicle Systems: Lessons from UMTRI Driver Interface Research (invited plenary address), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Safety and Comfort in Vehicles, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, November 6-7, 2006.

Green, P. (2006). Parking Crashes and Parking Assistance System Design: Evidence for Crash Data Bases, The Literature, and Insurance Agent Interviews (SAE paper 2006-06AE-269), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Eoh, H., Green, P.A., Schweitzer, J., and Hegedus, E. (2006). Driving Performance Analysis of the ACAS FOT Data and Recommendations for a Driving Workload Manager (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-18), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (Dec)

Yee, S., Green, P.A., Nguyen, L., Schweitzer, J., and Oberholtzer, J. (2006). Second-Generation UMTRI Scheme for Classifying Driver Tasks in Distraction Studies and Application to the ACAS FOT Video Clips (Technical Report UMTRI-2006-16), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (August)

Baron, A. and Green, P. (2006). Safety and Usability of Speech Interfaces for In-Vehicle Tasks while Driving: A Brief Literature Review (Technical Report UMTRI 2006-5), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Part A Part B

2005

Gadgil, S. and Green, P. (2005). How Much Clearance Drivers Want While Parking: Data to Guide the Design of Parking Assistance Systems, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA; Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (CD-ROM).

Green, P. (2005). How Driving Simulator Data Quality Can Be Improved, Driving Simulation Conference North America 2005, Orlando, Florida.

Cai, H. and Green, P. (2005). Character Heights for Vehicle Displays as Predicted by 22 Equations, 2005 Vehicle Display Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Dearborn, Michigan.

Rubin, R. and Green, P. (2005). Design Guidelines for Video-Based Parking Assistance Systems (Technical Report UMTRI 2005-9). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

2004

Tsimhoni, O., Smith, D., and Green, P. (2004). Address Entry while Driving: Speech Recognition versus a Touch-screen Keyboard, Human Factors, 46(4), 600-610.

Backs, R.W., Leneman, J.K., Wetzel, J.M., and Green, P. (2004). Cardiac Measures of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving with and without Visual Occlusion, Human Factors, 45(4), 525-538.

Green, P. and Kishi, N. (2004). Assessing the Safety of Infotainment Systems Use While Driving: Practical Lessons from InfoMan, International Workshop on Progress and Future Direction of Adaptive Driver Assistance Research, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation (www.volpe.dot.gov/opsad/saveit/workshop.html).

Green, P. (2004). Driver Distraction, Telematics Design, and Workload Managers: Safety Issues and Solutions (SAE paper 2004-21-0022), Proceedings of the 2004 International Congress on Transportation Electronics (Convergence 2004), SAE publication P-387, 165-180. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Campbell, J.L., Hoffmeister, D.H., Kiefer, R.J., Selke, D.J., Green, P., and Richman, J.B. (2004). Comprehension Testing of Active Safety Symbols (SAE paper 2004-01-0450). Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Walls, S.M., Green, P., Gadgil, S., Amann, J., and Cullinane, B. (2004). Alternative Images for Parallel Parking: A Usability Test of a Multi-Camera Assistance System (Technical Report UMTRI 2004-31). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Cullinane, B. and Green, P. (2004). Visual Demand of Curves and Fog-Limited Sight Distance and Its Relationship to Brake Response Time (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-34). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Walls, S.M., Amann, J., Cullinane, B., Green, P., Gadgil, S., and Rubin, R. (2004). Alternative Images for Perpendicular Parking: A Usability Test of a Multi-Camera Assistance System (Technical Report 2004-17). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Cullinane, B., Smith, D., and Green, P. (2004). Where, When, and How Well People Park: A Phone Survey and Field Measurements (Technical Report 2004-18). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Gadgil, S., Walls, S.M., Amann, J., and Cullinane, B. (2004). Desired Clearance Around a Vehicle while Parking and for Low Speed Maneuvers (Technical Report 2004-30). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Smith, D., Green, P., and Jacob, R. (2004). Parking and Low-Speed Crashes: Crash Database, Literature, and Insurance Agent Perspectives (Technical Report UMTRI 2004-9). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Cullinane, B., Zylstra, B., and Smith, D. (2004). Typical Values for Driving Performance with Emphasis on the Standard Deviation of Lane Position: A Summary of Literature (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-42). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., George, J., and Jacob, R. (2004). What Constitutes a Typical Cell Phone Call (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-38). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

2003

Green, P., Nowakowski, C., Mayer, K., and Tsimhoni, O. (2003). Audio-Visual System Design Recommendations from Experience with the UMTRI Driving Simulator, Proceedings of Driving Simulator Conference North America, Dearborn, MI: Ford Motor Company.

Nowakowski, C., Green, P., and Tsimhoni, O. (2003). Common Automotive Navigation System Usability Problems and a Standard Test Protocol to Identify Them, Paper presented at the ITS-America 2003 Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), Washington, D.C., Intelligent Transportation Society of America.

Tsimhoni, O. and Green, P. (2003). Time-Sharing of a Visual In-Vehicle Task while Driving: Effects of Four Key Constructs, Proceedings of the 2nd International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design, Park City, Utah, 113-118.

Shah, R. and Green, P. (2003). Task Time and Glance Measures for Telematics and Other Functions: A Tabular Summary of the Literature (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-33). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Zylstra, B., Tsimhoni, O., Green, P., and Mayer, K. (2003). Driving Performance for Dialing, Radio Tuning, and Destination Entry while Driving Straight Roads (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-35). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O., Smith, D., and Green, P. (2003). Driving Simulator Assessment of Workload and Risk to Support the Development of an Information Manager (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-09). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O., Smith, D., and Green, P. (2003). On-the-road Assessment of Driving Workload and Risk to Support the Development of an Information Manager (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-08). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Sayer, J., Cullinane, B., Zylstra, B., Green, P., and Devonshire, J. (2003). Lateral Drift and Curve Speed Warnings: A Driving Simulator Evaluation of Auditory and Haptic Implementations (Technical Report UMTRI-2003-41). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

2002

Nowakowski, C., Friedman, D., and Green, P. (2002). An Experimental Evaluation of Using Automotive HUDs to Reduce Driver Distraction While Answering Cell Phones, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, CD-ROM.

Committee for the Study of Motor Vehicle Rollover Rating System (2002). An Assessment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Rating System for Rollover Resistance (TRB Special Report 265), Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10308.html?onpi_newsdoc022102).

Mayer, K., Friedman, D., and Green, P. (2002). HUD Feedback to Minimize the Risk of Cellular Phone Use and Number Entry While Driving (Technical Report 2002-06), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O. and Green, P. (2002). Night Vision Enhancement Systems for Ground Vehicles: The Human Factors Literature (Technical Report 2002-05), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O, Smith, D., and Green, P. (2002). Destination Entry while Driving: Voice Recognition versus Touch Screen Keyboard (Technical Report UMTRI-2001-24), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2002). Why Safety and Human Factors/Ergonomics Standards Are So Difficult to Establish, in de Waard, D., Brookhius, K.A., and Toffetti, A. Human Factors in Transportation, Communication, Health, and the Workplace, Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker.

2001

Tsimhoni, O., Green, P., and Lai, J. (2001). Natural and Synthesized Speech while Driving: Effects on User Performance, International Journal of Speech Technology, 4(2), 155-169 (http://www.wkap.nl/article.pdf?350278). (Duplicate in 2000?)

Green, P. (2001). Telematics panel session, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Lai, J., Cheng, K., Green, P. and Tsimhoni, O. (2001). On the Road and on the Web: Comprehension of Synthetic and Human Speech While Driving, CHI’2001 Conference Proceedings, New York, N.Y.: Association for Computing Machinery.

Tsimhoni, O. and Green, P. (2001). Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive, In-Vehicle Tasks, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1586-1590.

Tsimhoni, O., Green, P., and Watanabe, H. (2001). Detecting and Reading Text on HUDS: Effects of Driving Workload and Message Location, paper presented at the ITS-A Annual Meeting (CD-ROM).

Green, P. (2001). Variations in Task Performance Between Younger and Older Drivers: UMTRI Research on Telematics, paper presented at the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference on Aging and Driving, February 19-20, 2001, Southfield, Michigan.

Green, P. (2001). Safeguards for On-Board Wireless Communications, presentation at Second Annual Plastics in Automotive Safety Conference, Troy, Michigan.

Nowakowski, C., Friedman, D., and Green, P. (2001). Cell Phone Ring Suppression and HUD Caller ID: Effectiveness in Reducing Momentary Driver Distraction Under Varying Workload Levels (Technical Report 2001-29), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2001). Synopsis of Driver Interface Standards and Guidelines for Telematics as of Mid-2001 (Technical Report UMTRI-2001-23), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Flynn, M., Vanderhagen, G., Ziomek, J., Ullman, E., and Mayer, K. (2001). Automotive Industry Trends in Electronics: Year 2000 Survey of Senior Executives (Technical Report UMTRI-2001-15), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (2001). Driver Eye Fixations (chapter 4, pp 77-110), in Dewar, R.E. and Olson, P.L. (eds.), Human Factors in Traffic Safety, Tucson, AZ: Lawyers and Judges Publishing. Note: editor of 2011 book is Smiley, A.

2000

Nowakowski, C., Green, P., and Kojima, M. (2000). How to Design a Traffic-Information Web Site: A Human Factors Approach, ITS Quarterly (summer 2000 issue), 41-51.

Sloss, D. and Green, P. (2000). National Automotive Center 21st Century Truck (21T) Dual Use Safety Focus (SAE Paper 2000-01-3426), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers (published in National Automotive Center Technical Review, Warren, Michigan, U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command, National Automotive Center, 63-70).

Green, P. (2000). The Human Interface for ITS Display and Control Systems: Developing International Standards to Promote Safety and Usability, invited paper presented at the International Workshop on ITS Human Interface in Japan, Utsu, Japan.

Green, P. (2000). Crashes Induced by Driver Information Systems and What Can Be Done to Reduce Them (SAE paper 2000-01-C008), Convergence 2000 Conference Proceedings, (SAE publication P-360), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 26-36.

Wooldridge, M., Bauer, K., Green, P., and Fitzpatrick, K. (2000). Comparison of Workload Values Obtained from Test Track, Simulator, and On-Road Experiments, paper presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Nowakowski, C., Green, P., and Kojima, M. (2000). A Human Factors Approach to the Design of Traffic Information Web Sites, paper presented at the ITS-America Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, (CD-ROM).

Lai, J., Tsimhoni, O., and Green, P. (2000). Comprehension of Synthesized Speech while Driving and in the Lab, International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Beijing, China.

Nowakowski, C. and Green, P. (2000) Prediction of Menu Selection Times Parked and While Driving Using the SAE J2365 Method (Technical Report 2000-49), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O., Green, P. and Lai, J. (2000). Listening to Synthetic and Natural Speech while Driving: Effects on User Performance (Technical Report UMTRI 2000-31), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (in preparation).

Nowakowski, C., Utsui, Y., and Green, P. (2000). Navigation System Evaluation: The Effects of Driver Workload and Input Devices on Destination Entry Time and Driving Performance and Their Implications to the SAE Recommended Practice (Technical Report UMTRI-2000-20), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Tsimhoni, O., Watanabe, H., and Green, P. (2000). Display of Short Text Messages on Automotive HUDs: Effects of Workload and Location on Driving (Technical Report UMTRI-2000-13), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Richardson, B. and Green, P. (2000). Trends in North American Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Year 2000 Appraisal (Technical Report 2000-9), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Fitzpatrick, K., Wooldridge, M.D., Tsimhoni, O., Collins, J.M., Green, P., Bauer, K., Parma, K.D., Koppa, R., Harwood, D.W., Krammes, R.A., and Poggioli, B. (2000). Alternative Design Consistency Rating Methods for Two-Lane Rural Highways (Technical Report FHWA-RD-99-172), McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

1999

Reed, M. and Green, P. (1999). Comparison of Driving Performance on-Road and in a Low-Cost Driving Simulator Using a Concurrent Telephone Dialing Task, Ergonomics, 42(8), 1015-1037.

Green, P. (1999). Estimating Compliance with the 15-Second Rule for Driver-Interface Usability and Safety, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Watanabe, H., Yoo, H., Tsimhoni, O, and Green, P. (1999). The Effect of HUD Warning Location on Driver Responses, paper presented at the ITS World Congress (CD-ROM).

Tsimhoni, O. and Green, P. (1999). Visual Demand of Driving Curves Determined by Visual Occlusion, paper presented at the Vision in Vehicles 8 Conference.

Green, P. (1999). The 15-Second Rule for Driver Information Systems, ITS America Ninth Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, Washington, D.C.: Intelligent Transportation Society of America, CD-ROM.

Tsimhoni, O., Yoo, H., and Green, P. (1999). Effects of Workload and Task Complexity on Driving and Task Performance for In-Vehicle Displays As Assessed by Visual Occlusion (UMTRI-99-37), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Nowakowski, C., Lenneman, J., Kojima, M., and Green, P. (1999). Development of Traffic Information Web Site Design Guidelines (UMTRI 99-30), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1999). Navigation System Data Entry: Estimation of Task Times (Technical Report UMTRI-99-17), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Yoo, H. and Green, P. (1999). Driver Behavior While Following Cars, Trucks, and Buses (Technical Report UMTRI-99-14), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Kojima, M., Nowakowski, C., and Green, P. (1999). Organization and Structure of Traffic Management Centers: Two Case Studies in Michigan, (Technical Report UMTRI-99-13), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Nowakowski, C., Green, P., and Kojima, M. (1999). Human Factors in Traffic Management Centers: A Literature Review (Technical Report 99-5), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Yoo, H., Tsimhoni, O., Watanabe, H., Green, P., and Shah, R. (1999). Display of HUD Warnings to Drivers: Determining an Optimal Location (Technical Report UMTRI-99-9, ITS RCE report #939423), Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Brooks, A., Lenneman, J., George-Maletta, K., Hunter, D.R., and Green, P. (1999). Preliminary Examinations of the Time to Read Electronic Maps: The Effects of Text and Graphic Characteristics, (Technical Report UMTRI-98-36, ITS RCE report #939418), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1999). Visual and Task Demands of Driver Information Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-98-16), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

1998

Bieliauskas, L.A., Roper, B.R., Trobe, J., Green, P., and Lacy, M. (1998). Cognitive Measures, Driving Safety, and Alzheimer's Disease, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12(3), 206-212. (DUPLICATE?)

Steinfeld, A. and Green, P. (1998). Driver Responses to Navigation Information on Full-Windshield, Head-Up Displays, International Journal of Vehicle Design, 19(2), 135-149.

Green, P., Fleming, J., and Katz, S. (1998). Driving Performance Evaluation of the AliScout Navigation System: A Preliminary Analysis, Intelligent Transportation Society of America Eighth Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (CD, 15 pages).

Silbergleit, R., Lowell, M., Landis, D., Green, P., and Waller, P. (1998). Circadian Patterns of Air Medical Service Accident Frequency and the Potential Role of Pilot Fatigue, Academic Emergency Medicine, 5, 442. (abstract).

Green, P. (1998). Reading Electronic Area Maps: An Annotated Bibliography (Technical Report UMTRI-98-38), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (in preparation).

Brooks, A., Nowakowski, C., Green, P. (1998). Turn-by-Turn Displays Versus Electronic Maps: An On-the-Road Comparison of Driver Glance Behavior, (Technical Report UMTRI-98-37, ITS RCE report #939419), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Katz, S., Green, P., and Fleming, J. (1998). Usability of Formats for Coding Traffic Information on Automotive Displays, (Technical Report UMTRI-98-35, ITS RCE report #939422), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Shah, R., Nowakowski, C., and Green, P. (1998). U.S. Highway Attributes Relevant to Lane Tracking, (Technical Report UMTRI-98-34), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Fleming, J., Green, P., and Katz, S. (1998). Driver Performance and Memory for Traffic Messages: Effects of the Number of Messages, Audio Quality, and Relevance (Technical Report UMTRI-98-22), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Brooks, A. and Green, P. (1998). Map Design: A Simulator Evaluation of the Time to Read Electronic Navigation Displays (Technical Report UMTRI-98-7, ITS RCE report #939420), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Nowakowski, C. and Green, P. (1998). Map Design: An On-the-Road Evaluation of the Time to Read Electronic Navigation Displays (Technical Report UMTRI-98-4, ITS RCE report #939421), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Sumie, M., Li, C., and Green, P. (1998). Usability of Menu-Based Interfaces for Motor Vehicle Secondary Functions (Technical Report UMTRI-97-19), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

1997

Green, P., Waller, P.F., Blow, F.C., Olson, P., Barends, B., Freund, D., and Katz, S. (1997). Effects of Alcohol, Age, and Gender on Measures of Driving Performance in a Simulator, poster presented at the Research Society on Alcoholism, San Francisco, CA (for abstract see Alcoholism 21(3), May 1997, p. 111A).

Green, P. (1997). Potential Safety Impacts of Automotive Navigation Systems, paper presented at the Automotive Land Navigation Conference, June 18, 1997, Detroit, Michigan.

Li, C., Sumie, M., and Green, P. (1997). Repeatability of Secondary Task Workload Assessments between Driving Simulators in Two Countries (Technical Report UMTRI 97-17), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (in preparation).

Manes, D. and Green, P. (1997). Evaluation of a Driver Interface: Effects of Control Type (Knob Versus Buttons) and Menu Structure (Depth Versus Breadth) (Technical Report UMTRI-97-42), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Damouth, D. and Green, P. (1997). Influence of Warning Message Content on Message Understandability and When Drivers Respond (Technical Report UMTRI-97-22), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Olson, A. and Green, P. (1997). A Description of the UMTRI Driving Simulator Architecture and Alternatives (Technical report UMTRI-97-15), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Olson, A. (1997). A Technical Description of the UMTRI Driving Simulator Family-1996 Implementation (Technical Report UMTRI 97-12), Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (in preparation).

Katz, S., Fleming, J., Green, P., Hunter, D.R., and Damouth, D. (1997). On-the-Road Human Factors Evaluation of the Ali-Scout Navigation System (Technical Report UMTRI-96-32), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Manes, D., Green, P., and Hunter, D. (1997). Prediction of Destination Entry and Retrieval Times Using Keystroke-Level Models, (Technical Report UMTRI-96-37, also released as EECS-ITS LAB FT97-077), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Waller, P.F. and Green, P. (1997). Human Factors in Transportation (chapter), in Salvendy, G. (ed.), Human Factors and Ergonomics Handbook (2nd ed.), New York: Wiley.

1996

Green, P. (1996). Customer Needs, New Technology, Human Factors, and Driver Science Research for Future Automobiles (in Japanese), Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 99(926), 15-18.

Green, P. (1996). Development of Easy-to-Understand Vehicle Malfunction Warnings, International Journal of Vehicle Design, 17(1), 27-39.

Green, P. (1996). In-Vehicle Information: Design of Driver Interfaces for Route Guidance, paper presented at TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, Transportation Research Board.

Green, P. and Olson, A. (1996). Practical Aspects of Prototyping Instrument Clusters, (SAE paper 960532), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Moroney, W.F., Green, P., and Konz, S. (1996). Providing the Team Experience to Human Factors and Ergonomics Students, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 445-448.

Bieliauskas, L.A., Roper, B.R., Trobe, J., Green, P., and Lacy, M. (1996). Cognitive Measures, Driving Safety, and Alzheimer's Disease (abstract), Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 60. (DUPLICATE?)

Manes, D., Green, P., Steinfeld, A., Katz, S., and Fleming, J. (1996). Glance Frequencies to the Ali-Scout Navigation System, (Technical Report UMTRI-96-42), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (in preparation).

Steinfeld, A., Manes, D., Green, P., and Hunter, D. (1996). Destination Entry and Retrieval with the Ali-Scout Navigation System (Technical Report UMTRI-96-30, also released as EECS-ITS LAB FT97-077), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Yoo, H., Hunter, D., and Green, P. (1996). Automotive Collision Warning Effectiveness: A Simulator Comparison of Text vs. Icons (Technical Report UMTRI-96-29), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1996). Driver Interfaces for Vehicles of the Future, Inside Automotive, November/December, 3(6), 33-36.

Green, P. (1996). What We Need to Learn to Build Usable Driver Information Systems for Future Vehicles, OSAT's Focus on the Future, Fall, p 6-7, Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

1995

Green, P. (1995). Human Factors and New Driver Interfaces: Lessons Learned from a Major Research Project, Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Meeting of ITS-America, Washington, D.C., 1001-1011.

Green, P. and Bagian, T. (1995). Teaming Turnpikes and Trajectories: Opportunities for NASA-Automotive Industry Collaboration (paper AIAA-95-LS-178), presented at the Life Sciences and Space Medicine Conference and Exhibition'95, Houston, TX: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Green, P. and George, K. (1995). When Should Auditory Guidance Systems Tell Drivers to Turn?, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1072-1076.

Green, P. (1995). A Driver Interface for a Road Hazard Warning System: Development and Preliminary Evaluation, Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 4, 1795-1800.

Katz, S., Green, P., and Fleming, J. (1995). Calibration and Baseline Driving Data for the UMTRI Driver Interface Research Vehicle, (Technical Report UMTRI-95-2), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

George, K., Green, P., and Fleming, J. (1995). Timing of Auditory Route Guidance Instructions, (Technical Report UMTRI-95-6), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (available from NTIS as PB-96-187190).

Steinfeld, A. and Green, P. (1995). Driver Response Times to Full-Windshield, Head-Up Displays for Navigation and Vision Enhancement (Technical Report UMTRI-95-29), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Davis, B.T. and Green, P. (1995). Benefits of Sound for Driving Simulation: An Experimental Evaluation (Technical Report UMTRI-95-16), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Reed, M. and Green, P. (1995). Validation of a Low-Cost Driving Simulation Using a Telephone Dialing Task (Technical Report 95-19), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Bagian, T. (eds.) (1995). National ITS Safety and Human Factors Research Needs (technical report), Washington, D.C.: ITS-America.

Green, P. (1995). Automotive Techniques (chapter), 165-208 in Weimer, J. (ed.) Research Techniques in Human Engineering (2nd ed.), New York, NY: Prentice-Hall.

1993

Chatel, D.C., Bieliauskas, L.A., Green, P., Warner, J. and McSweeny, A.J. (1993). Cognitive Predictors of Driving Ability in the Elderly (abstract). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 330.

Serafin, C., Wen, C., Paelke, G., and Green, P. (1993). Car Phone Usability: A Human Factors Test, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, 220-224.

Paelke, G. and Green, P. (1993). Development and Testing of a Traffic Information System Driver Interface (Technical Report UMTRI-93-20), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Serafin, C., Wen, C., Paelke, G., and Green, P. (1993). Development and Human Factors Tests of Car Telephones. (Technical Report UMTRI-93-17), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1993). Measures and Methods Used to Assess the Safety and Usability of Driver Information Systems, (Technical Report UMTRI-93-12), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (also published as FHWA-RD-94-088, McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, August 1995).

Green, P. (1993, December). Suggested Procedures and Acceptance Limits for Assessing the Safety and Ease of Use of Driver Information Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-93-13), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (also published as FHWA-RD-94-089, McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

Green, P. (1993). Human Factors of In-Vehicle Driver Information Systems: An Executive Summary (Technical Report UMTRI-93-18), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (also published as FHWA-RD-95-014, McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, December 1995).

Green (1993). Technical Summary: Assessment of Effect of In-Vehicle Display on Driver Performance, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Levison, W., Paelke, G., and Serafin, C. (1993). Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines for Driver Information Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-93-21), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (also published as FHWA-RD-94-087, McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, December 1995).

Hoekstra, E., Williams, M., and Green, P. (1993). Development and Driver Understanding of Hazard Warning and Location Symbols for IVSAWS (Technical Report UMTRI-93-16), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Williams, M., Hoekstra, E., and Green. P. (1993). Development and Evaluation of a Vehicle Monitor Driver Interface (Technical Report UMTRI-93-22), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Hoekstra, E., and Williams, M. (1993). On-The-Road Tests of Driver Interfaces: Examination of a Navigation System and a Car Phone (Technical Report UMTRI-93-35), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Hoekstra, E., Williams, M., Wen, C., and George, K. (1993). Examination of a Videotape-Based Method to Evaluate the Usability of Route Guidance and Traffic Information Systems (Technical Report UMTRI93-31), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Williams, M., Hoekstra, E., George, K. and Wen, C. (1993). Initial On-the-Road Tests of Driver Information System Interfaces: Examination of Navigation, Traffic Information, IVSAWS, and Vehicle Monitoring (Technical report UMTRI-93-32), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P., Lin, B., and Bagian, T. (1993). Effect of Road Geometry on Driving Workload: A Pilot Experiment (Technical Report UMTRI-93-39, GLCTTR 22-91/01), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Paelke, G. and Green, P. (1993). Entry of Destinations into Route Guidance Systems: A Human Factors Evaluation (Technical Report UMTRI-93-45), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Williams, M. and Green, P. (1993). Development and Testing of Driver Interfaces for Navigation Displays (Technical Report UMTRI-92-21), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1993). Tools and Methods for Developing Easy to Use Driver Information Systems, 959-970 in Haug, E.J. (ed.), Concurrent Engineering Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

Green, P. (1993). Symbols for Controls and Displays (chapter), 237-268 in Peacock, B. and Karwowski, W. (eds.) Automotive Ergonomics, London, U.K.: Taylor and Francis.

Sweet, R.E. and Green, P. (1993). UMTRI's Instrumented Car, UMTRI Research Review, January-February, 1-11.

MacAdam, C.C., Green, P.A., and Reed, M.P. (1993). An Overview of Current UMTRI Driving Simulators, UMTRI Research Review, July-August, 24(1), 1-8.

1992

Green, P. and Brand, J. (1992). Future In-Car Information Systems: Input from Focus Groups (SAE paper 920614) Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. (also in SAE Transactions 1992, 1993, 101, 804-812.

Green, P., Paelke, G., and Boreczky, J. (1992). The "Potato Head" Method for Identifying Driver Preferences for Vehicle Controls, International Journal of Vehicle Design, 13(4), 352-364.

Paelke, G. and Green, P. (1992). Development of a Traffic Information System Driver Interface. Proceedings of the IVHS-America 1992 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.: IVHS-America, 793-802.

Green, P. (1992). Safety in IVHS: What Is Real? Proceedings of the IVHS-America 1992 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.: IVHS-America, 832-834.

Green, P. and Williams, M. (1992). Perspective in Orientation/Navigation Displays: A Human Factors Test, Conference Record of Papers, the Third International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems (VNIS’92), (IEEE Catalog # 92CH3198-9), Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 221-226.

Green, P. (1992). Review of Eye Fixation Recording Methods and Equipment (Technical Report UMTRI9228, IVHS Technical Report 92-20), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1992). American Human Factors Research On In-Vehicle Navigation Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-92-47), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Hoekstra, E., Williams, M., Green, P. and Paelke, G. (1992). Usability of Text, Graphic, and Video In-Car Traffic Information for Diversion Decisions (Technical Report UMTRI-92-40), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, October.

1991

Green, P., Serafin, C., Williams, M., and Paelke, G. (1991). What Functions and Features Should Be in Driver Information Systems of the Year 2000? Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference (VNIS'91), (SAE paper 912792), 483-498, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Serafin, C. and Green, P. (1991). Instrument Panel Lighting Levels Preferred by Drivers, Queinnec, Y. and Daniellou, F. (ed.) Designing for Everyone and Everybody (Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association), London, UK: Taylor and Francis, 1456-1458.

Green, P., Williams, M., Serafin, C., and Paelke, G. (1991). Human Factors Research on Future Automotive Instrumentation: A Progress Report, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, 1120-1124.

Serafin, C., Williams, M., Paelke, G., and Green, P. (1991). Functions and Features of Future Driver Information Systems (Technical Report UMTRI-91-16), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Williams, M., Green, P., and Paelke, G. (1991). Further Development of Warnings for Automotive Lifts (Technical Report UMTRI-91-43), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

1990

Green, P. (1990). Instrument Panel Displays and Ease of Use. Body Engineering Journal, 18(1), 40-41.

Green, P., Boreczky, J., and Kim, S. (1990). Applications of Rapid Prototyping to Control and Display Design. (SAE paper #900470, Special Publication SP-809), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, (also published in SAE Transactions 1990, 1991, 99, 647-668).

Serafin, C. and Green, P. (1990). Driver Preferences for Instrument Panel Lighting Levels (Technical Report UMTRI-90-5), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Chong, M., Clauer, T., and Green, P. (1990). Development of Candidate Symbols for Automobile Functions (Technical Report UMTRI-90-25), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Boreczky, J. and Green, P. (1990). Photometric Measurement of Aydin Controls 8980 CRTs (Technical Report UMTRI-90-28), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Finnegan, P. and Green, P. (1990). The Time to Change Lanes: A Literature Review (Technical Report UMTRI-90-34), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Williams, M. and Green, P. (1990). Interfacing the Nintendo Power Glove to a Macintosh Computer (IVHS Technical Report-90-14), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1990). Readings on Human Factors in Computer Systems: The 1989 List. SIGCHI Bulletin, 21(4), 20-26.

1989

Green, P. and Goldstein, S. (1989). Further Analysis of Driver Preferences for Secondary Controls (Technical Report UMTRI-89-4), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 149782/AS)

Green, P., Paelke, G., and Clack, K. (1989). Instrument Panel Controls in Sedans: What Drivers Prefer and Why (Technical Report UMTRI-89-15), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 184235/AS)

Green, P. and Olson, A. (1989). The Development and Use of the UMTRI Driving Simulator (Technical Report UMTRI-89-25), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 115940/AS)

Eberhard, J. and Green, P. (1989). The Development and Testing of Warnings for Automotive Lifts (Technical Report UMTRI-89-26), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1989). Instrument Panel Displays and Ease of Use. UMTRI Research Review, 19, 1-14.

Boreczky, J. and Green, P. (1989). Review of MicroSaint Simulation Software. Human Factors Society Bulletin, 32(11), 9-11.

1988

Sayer, J.R. and Green, P. (1988). Current ISO Automotive Symbols vs. Alternatives: A Preference Study. (Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE paper #880057), SAE Special Publication SP-752), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Sayer, J.R. and Green, P. (1988). Student-Initiated Human Factors Research at Michigan: A Guide for Research on a Shoestring, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society, 485-489.

Green, P. (1988). Human Factors and Automobile Instrument Panel Display Design. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Industrial Sensing for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Dearborn, MI, Bellingham, WA: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Adams, S., Goldstein, S., Zeltner, K., Ratanaproeksa, P., and Green, P. (1988). Legibility Abstracts from the UMTRI Library (Technical Report UMTRI-88-4), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 89 182653/AS)

Bos, T., Kerst, J., and Green, P. (1988). Response Time System for Instrument Panel Evaluation (Technical Report UMTRI-88-9), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Sayer, J.R. and Green, P. (1988). Automobile Instrument Panel Symbols: Do Drivers Prefer Alternatives Over Those in the ISO Standard? (Technical Report UMTRI-88-10), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 88 181911/AS)

Zeltner, K., Ratanaproeksa, P., Goldstein, S., Adams, S., and Green, P. (1988). Selected Abstracts and Reviews of the Legibility Literature (Technical Report UMTRI-88-22), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 89 182646/AS)

Green, P., Goldstein, S., Zeltner, K., and Adams, S. (1988). Legibility of Text on Instrument Panels: A Literature Review (Technical Report UMTRI-88-34), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 141342/AS).

Bos, T., Green, P., and Kerst, J. (1988). How Should Instrument Panel Display Legibility Be Tested? Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (Technical Report UMTRI-88-35). (NTIS No. PB 90 141375/AS).

Boreczky, J., Green, P., Bos, T., and Kerst, J. (1988). Effects of Size, Location, Contrast, Illumination, and Color on the Legibility of Numeric Speedometers (Technical Report UMTRI-88-36), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 150533/AS)

Green, P. (1988). Human Factors and Gauge Design: A Literature Review (Technical Report UMTRI8837), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS as PB 90 141334/AS)

1987

Saldana, N., Elkerton, J., and Green, P. (1987). User Memory Load and Procedural Manipulation with a Window Interface. Paper presented at the Fourth Mid-Central Ergonomics/Human Factors Conference.

Green, P. and Adams, S. (1987). Who Are the Potential Users of a CAD System? (Technical Report UMTRI-87-15), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 89 182935/AS)

Turner, C. and Green, P. (1987). Human Factors Research on Automobile Secondary Controls: A Literature Review (Technical Report UMTRI-87-20), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 149675/AS)

Green, P., Ottens, D., and Adams, S. (1987). Secondary Controls in Domestic 1986 Model Year Cars (Technical Report UMTRI-87-21), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 149642/AS)

Green, P., Ottens, D., Kerst, J., Goldstein, S., and Adams, S. (1987). Driver Preferences for Secondary Controls (Technical Report UMTRI-87-47), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 90 150541/AS)

Bos, T., Green, P., and Boreczky, J. (1987). Videotape Analysis of a CAD System User Interface: A Case Study (Technical Report UMTRI-87-49), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 89 181903/AS)

Green, P. and Baker, D. (1987). Page Format and User Understanding of Command Language Computer Manuals. 259-265 in Mark, L.S., Warm, J.S., and Huston, R.L. (eds.), Human Factors and Ergonomics: Recent Research, New York: Springer-Verlag, Inc.

Green, P. (1987). Tips on Writing a Good Paper Proposal. Human Factors Society Computer Systems Technical Group Newsletter, 14(2), 6-10 (also reprinted in the Human Factors Society Consumer Products Newsletter, October 1987, 12(3), 3-6).

Green, P. (1987). Readings on Human Factors in Computer Systems. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 19(2), 15-20.

1986

Sivak, M., Olson, P., and Green, P. (1986). Human Factors Methods in the Design of Vehicle Components, International Journal of Vehicle Design, 7, 331-337.

Green, P. and Baker, D. (1986). Page Format and the Understanding of Command Language Documentation. Paper presented at the 1986 Mid-Central Ergonomics/Human Factors Conference, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.

Green, P. (1986). Customer Setup of the NCR-PC-8 Personal Computer: A Case Study (Technical Report UMTRI-86-25), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Wesselman, H. and Green, P. (1986). Wizard of Oz User's Manual Version 4.0 (Technical Report No. UMTRI-86-50), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Wesselman, H. (1986). Design Rationale for the Wizard of Oz User Interface Prototyper (Technical Report UMTRI-86-51), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1986). Review Process for Proposals. Human Factors Society Computer Systems Technical Group Newsletter, 13(1), 6-14.

1985

Sivak, M., Olson, P.L., and Green, P. (1985). Human Factors Methods in the Design of Vehicle Components. Paper presented at the IAVD Congress on Vehicle Design and Components, Geneva, Switzerland.

Green, P. and Wei-Haas, L. (1985). The Rapid Development of User Interfaces: Experience with the Wizard of Oz Method, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society-29th Annual Meeting, 470-474. (Accompanied by Green, P., Wei-Haas, L., Reifeis, S., and Ottens, D. A Brief Demonstration of the Wizard of Oz Rapid Prototyper (videotape).)

Green, P. and Wei-Haas, L. (1985). The Wizard of Oz: A Tool for the Rapid Development of User Interfaces (Technical Report UMTRI-85-27), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1985). Human Factors Test of a Driver Alertness Device (Technical Report UMTRI-85-49), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 86 181229/AS)

1984

Green, P. (1984). Driver Understanding of Fuel and Engine Gauges (SAE paper 840314), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers (see also SAE Transactions 1984, 93, 1985, 566-684).

Green, P. (1984). Teaching a Course on Human Factors and Computer Systems, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 4(12), 43-45.

Green, P., Butler, K.H., Overmeyer, S.P., Thompson, D., Cochran, D.R., and Phillips, M.D. (1984). Red Group Report (In Human Factors in Computer Systems Current Trends and Recommended Directions: Proceedings of the Vail Workshop, Mike Atwood (Ed.)). Santa Monica, CA, Human Factors Society.

Green, P. (1984). Preliminary Design of the Ford TM-3 Tripcomputer (Technical Report UMTRI-84-6), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Miller, D.E., Peterson, E.A., and Green, P. (1984). Comparison of CRT Antireflection Filters (Technical Report UMTRI-84-8), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS PB 84 202753)

Green, P., Gillespie, T., Reifeis, S., Wei-Haas, L., and Ottens, D. (1984). Subjective Evaluation of Steering Effort Levels (Technical Report UMTRI-84-39), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. (NTIS PB 86 135019/AS)

1983

Green, P. (1983). Future Directions in HF and Computer Systems: A Meeting Report. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 27th Annual Meeting, 51.

Green, P. (1983). A Critique of the Ford Multigauge (Ford confidential). Technical Report, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. (1983). What Do Drivers Say They Use Speedometers and Tachometers For? (Technical Report UMTRI-83-49), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

Green, P. and Miller, D. (1983). A Human Factors Evaluation of a Vehicle Maintenance Monitor. Videotape report produced for Ford Motor Company (Electrical & Electronics Division and Automotive Safety Office), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

1982

Green, P. and Levine, R.E. (1982). Driver Understanding of Fuel and Other Basic Gauges (Technical Report UM-HSRI-82-46), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

Green, P. (1982). The Gaithersburg Meeting (and Beyond). Human Factors Society Bulletin, 25(5), 1-2.

1981

Gingold, M., Shteingart, S., and Green, P. (1981). Truck Drivers' Suggestions and Preferences for Instrument Panel Symbols (Technical Report UM-HSRI-81-30), Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute. (NTIS No. PB 82 224379)

Green, P. and Burgess, W.T. (1981). Windshield Damage and Driving Safety (Technical Report UMHSRI81-35), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

Green, P. (1981). Displays for Automotive Instrument Panels: Production and Rating of Symbols. HSRI Research Review, 12(1), 1-12.

1980

Green, P. (1980). A Computer Simulation of Headlamp Variables and Drivers' Sight Distances: Operating Instructions (Technical Report UM-HSRI-80-44), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

Green, P. and Burgess, W.T. (1980). Debugging a Symbol Set for Identifying Displays: Production and Screening Studies (Technical Report UM-HSRI-80-64). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

1979

Green, P. (1979). Development of Pictographic Symbols for Vehicle Controls and Displays (SAE paper #790383), Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Green, P. (1979). Automobile Multifunction Stalk Controls: Literature, Hardware and Human Factors Review (Technical Report UM-HSRI-79-78). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

Green, P., Kubacki, M., Olson, P.L., and Sivak, M. (1979). Accidents and the Nighttime Conspicuity of Trucks (Technical Report UM-HSRI-79-92), Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute.

Green, P. (1979). What Do We Do? Human Factors Society Bulletin, 23(5), 2.

Green, P. and Olson, P.L. (1979). Eye Fixations of Drivers in Response to Various Retroreflective Treatments of a Semitrailer. HSRI Research Review, 10(3), 19-24.

Green, P. (1979). Rational Ways to Increase Pictographic Symbol Discriminability. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Industrial & Operations Engineering and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 79-25, 156).

1978

Green, P. and Pew, R.W. (1978). Evaluating Pictographic Symbols: An Automotive Application, Human Factors, 20(1), 103-114.

1977

Green, P. (1977). The Prediction of Choice Response Times for Pictographic Symbols. Department of Industrial & Operations Engineering technical report, University of Michigan. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, August 1980, p.77 (manuscript 2102).

1976

Green, P. and Davis, G. (1976). The Recognition Time of Rotated Pictographic Symbols for Automobile Controls, Journal of Safety Research, 8(4), 180-183.

1975

Green, P. (1975). UM/AMP K Press Guarding Project, Field Study 2, Department of Industrial & Operations Engineering Technical report, University of Michigan.

1972

Green, P., Allen, B., Appalucci, L., and Conroy, P. (1972). Design of a New Dashboard for the Ford Pinto—Human Factors Considerations, Urban Vehicle Design Competition technical report, Philadelphia, PA: Drexel University.

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