Abstract:

The formation of any science is gradual and can take centuries. In the context of the socio-cultural revival of Ukraine, the renewal of society, and the creation of a national education system, the analysis of the problem of professional formation of the individual at different stages of historical development is of particular importance. The article analyzes the most famous representatives of the past and present and their views on solving the problem of professional self-determination in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, based on the reflection of the characteristic features of a particular stage of the period, identification of the main external and internal factors of formation of the content of education, signs of development of sciences in general and historical events.

The author emphasizes that the concept of «educational content» is not a stable concept. It has a historical character and has changed in accordance with the changes in external and internal factors of education content formation. 

External factors include, in particular, political, economic, scientific, technical, demographic, moral, ethical, and cultural factors. Internal factors include the availability of new pedagogical ideas, concepts, theories; the introduction of new pedagogical technologies; the realized social significance of the teaching profession; educational traditions, etc.

It is substantiated that during the period under study, the following approaches to the development of educational content should be distinguished: knowledge-based (1930s-1950s), activity-based (1960s-1970s), cultural (1980s), personality-oriented (1990s), and competency-based (early twenty-first century – to the present day). At each of the historical stages of the outlined period, the importance of forming such personal qualities in a person is increasing, thanks to which he or she gradually becomes an active subject of social interaction.

Keywords: professional self-determination, content of education, trends in the development of the content of education in Ukraine in the XX-XXI century, factors of formation of the content of education.

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