Abstract:

This article is aimed at analysing and highlighting an important aspect of social relations among primary school pupils – the phenomenon of bullying.

The concept of bullying, which includes repeated aggressive behaviour aimed at causing moral or material harm to another person, is a widespread phenomenon around the world and is relevant in educational institutions in Ukraine. This phenomenon affects all participants in the educational process, including both children and adults. Aggression among children and adolescents is not a new phenomenon. It takes different forms, and, at the same time, a decrease in the age of those who display aggressive behaviour is observed. Bullying has many causes that can be found in the family, among peers and in the mass media.

The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the causes of school violence. The concepts of aggression and bullying, their characteristics and features are considered. The main types of bullying and the signs that define bullying as a form of violence are identified. The factors that lead to the emergence and spread of bullying in educational institutions are investigated. The structure of bullying is studied and its participants are described. Cases and strategies for preventing and counteracting bullying in educational institutions are considered.

Keywords: aggression, bully, bullying, victim, educational environment, observer, harassment.

References:

1. Akimova, O. M. (2021). Pidhotovka maibutnikh uchyteliv pochatkovoi shkoly do profilaktyky proiaviv bulinhu sered shkoliariv. [Training future primary school teachers to prevent bullying among schoolchildren].

2. Yefremova, H., Zosymenko, O. (2017). Shkilnyi bulinh: spetsyfichny oznaky ta osoblyvosti proiavu. [School bullying: specific signs and features of manifestation].

3. Zhuravko, T. (2023). Ahresyvna povedinka ditei starshoho doshkilnoho viku pid chas viiny. [Aggressive behaviour of senior preschool children during the war].

4. Kachanova, Yu. V. (2010). Ahresyvnist ta ahresiia yak sotsiolohichni katehorii. [Aggressiveness and aggression as sociological categories].

5. Kolha, Yu. V. (2019). Zvit pro rezultaty pershoho tsyklu zahalnoderzhavnoho monitorynhovoho doslidzhennia yakosti pochatkovoi osvity «Stan sformovanosti chytatskoi ta matematychnoi kompetentnostei vypusknykiv pochatkovoi shkoly zakladiv zahalnoi serednoi osvity» 2018 r. Chastyna V. Bulinh u pochatkovii shkoli. [Report on the results of the first cycle of the nationwide monitoring study of the quality of primary education "The state of formation of reading and mathematical competences of primary school graduates of general secondary education institutions" 2018. Part V. Bullying in primary school].

6. Korol, A. (2009). Prychyny ta naslidky yavyshcha bulinhu. [Causes and consequences of bullying].

7. Kuleshova, O. V., Mikheieva, L. V. (2019. Bulinh v osvitnomu seredovyshchi: analiz, shliakhy podolannia. [Bullying in the educational environment: analysis, ways to overcome]. Kherson.

8. Pochynok, Ye. A. (2020). Erhonomichni umovy stvorennia bezpechnoho osvitnoho seredovyshcha pochatkovoi shkoly yak chynnyk protydii bulinhu. [Ergonomic conditions for creating a safe educational environment in primary school as a factor in combating bullying]. Kyiv.

9. Prokopenko, L. I., Tetorkina, V. A., Olovarenko, O. I., Palchyk, O. O., (2019). Doslidzhennia bulinhu v prostori orhanizovanoho dytiachoho kolektyvu. [Study of bullying in the space of an organised children's group]. Kyiv.

10. Ruda, N., Sakovska, V. (2018). Osoblyvosti bulinhu u ditei molodshoho shkilnoho viku. [Features of bullying of younger children]. Kyiv.

11. Saveliev, Yu. B., Salata, T. M. (2009). Vykliuchennia ta nasylstvo: chy isnuie bulinh v ukrainskii shkoli? [Exclusion and violence: does bullying exist in Ukrainian schools?]. Kyiv.

12. Savytska, S. L., Hotsuliak, O. H. (2022). Kryminolohichna kharakterystyka bulinhu ta shliakhy yoho podolannnia. [Criminological characteristics of bullying and ways to overcome it]. Kyiv.

13. Sydoruk, I. (2015). Bulinh yak aktualna sotsialno-pedahohichna problema. [Bullying as an urgent social and pedagogical problem]. Kyiv.

14. Tilikina,N. V., Piesha, I. V. (2020). Pro bulinh (tskuvannia) ta yak yoho podolaty. [About bullying (harassment) and how to overcome it]. Kyiv.

15. Tsiuman, T. P., Kalashnyk, O., Puras, D. (2015). Metodychni rekomendatsii shchodo opytuvannia ditei, shcho staly svidkamy ta/abo zhertvamy nasylstva, a takozh vchynyly nasylstvo. [Methodological recommendations for interviewing children who have witnessed and/or been victims of violence, as well as perpetrators of violence]. Kyiv.

16. Shcherbatiuk, O. V. (2022). Bahatovymirnist u vyvchenni ahresyvnosti. [Multidimensionality in the study of aggression]. Kherson.

17. Yurchyk, O. M. (2016). Psykholohichna profilaktyka shkilnoho nasylstva v pochatkovykh klasakh. [Psychological prevention of school violence in primary school]. Kyiv.