Do Seasonal Fuels Still Stop Fire?
A Look at the 2023 Wildfire Season
Abstract
The 2023 wildfire season in Alberta saw record-high area burned totals. A contributing factor to the large area burned was a disproportionately high number of early-season fires. In the spring, deciduous trees have no leaves, so more sunlight reaches the surface fuels; grass is still dead and much more volatile. Understanding spring fires and their interactions with various fuels will better inform future fire managers by guiding where to prioritize suppression. This study sought to determine if seasonal fuel types in a modern fire climate contribute meaningfully to perimeter formation. Four early and four late-season fires were randomly selected from 2023 fires >10000ha. Transects were laid perpendicular to the perimeter, and internal and external fuel types were recorded using an FBP map of Alberta. Data was log-transformed and analyzed using a multi-factor ANOVA and pairwise analysis. Findings indicated seasonal fuel types did not play a significant role in fire perimeter formation during early-season fires or the 2023 fire season as a whole although statistical power was limited by high standard deviation. The findings in this study should caution fire managers from relying on seasonal fuel types as fire breaks during early-season fires and fires during extreme drought. What was previously considered a fuel break may need to be reinforced using heavy equipment or aerial retardant.
About the Author: Tadgh Dalton
Tadgh is a MSc student studying forest biology and management. Tadgh has worked five seasons as a wildland firefighter for Alberta Wildfire and is currently a part of the Wildfire Analytics Lab at the University of Alberta.
Contact: tadgh@ualberta.ca