Theoretical Framework
(The following framework discusses the different variables involved in the study, as well as the various literature and theories it was derived from.)

Electricity is considered to be one of the most important necessities, yet roughly 16 million Filipinos, particularly those in impoverished areas, experience power outages at least once a week, or do not have any access to fossil fuel-based energy completely — disrupting their day-to-day routines (Borgen Magazine, 2020). A study by the Institute for Development Studies in 2022 reveals that the country’s proneness to typhoons is the leading cause of this issue of scarcity, alongside technical-related issues and lack of power supply.

Because of this, the researchers have explored Hydroelectricity or electricity from moving water, through heavy rainfall, and the creation of a rainwater pressure-fueled generator prototype, as a more affordable, accessible, and environmentally-friendly alternative to fossil fuel-based electricity to power the appliances, specifically light bulbs, of small-scale communities, the Gawad Kalinga in Don Manuel in particular.This is much smaller as compared to Hydroelectricity plants in dams, which poses large costs and environmental risks such as the production of harmful methane, and displacement of marine animals (Zaske, 2022). This applies with previous studies which made use of costly materials as well.

Theoretical Framework
(The following framework discusses the different variables involved in the study, as well as the various literature and theories it was derived from.)

Hence, the research aimed to evaluate the performance of this hydroelectric prototype. However, the researchers only had the intention of creating an alternative to commercial dams, rather than a replacement to them. Additionally, the prototype's efficiency was solely determined by the effect that varying levels of water pressure, mimicking heavy rainfall, has on generating electricity to light up 9-30 watts of Firefly light bulbs and not on other appliances. The study also did not take water disposal into consideration.

The research study sought to explore:

● Can the Hydroelectric generator prototype produce nine to thirty Watts of electricity?

● How much water pressure is needed in order to produce nine to thirty Watts of electricity?

● What is the possible relationship between the rainwater pressure and the amount of electricity that will be produced by the hydroelectric generator?

● What is the expected scaling up of the rainwater-powered hydroelectric generator prototype?

The following presented data are the watts produced and the water pressure levels needed for each light bulb wattage. In order to produce 9 light bulb wattages, the water pressure levels were measured to be 1160, 1595, 1885 and 2175 psi. Meanwhile, to generate 15 light bulb wattages, the researchers proceeded to use the same water pressure levels. Lastly, to manufacture 30 light bulb wattages, the water pressure needed were 1595, 1885 and 2175 psi. However, the water pressure 1160 psi was not included in the data for the production of 30 light bulb wattages due to flickering, and is therefore a contributing factor to an error in the experimental design and the gathering of data. On the right side column is the calculated mean of the light bulb wattages produced per water pressure levels. Generally, the hydroelectric generator prototype was able to successfully produce electricity using all levels of water pressure, except for the weakest one, measuring at 1160 psi when it came to powering the largest wattage of 30.

Through the Pearson correlation coefficient, the data shows that there is a positive weak relationship between water pressure and light bulb wattage given Pearson’s r value of 0.218. Moreover, the relationship is not significant as the correlation matrix has a p-value of 0.519 which is lower than a p-value of significance which is 0.05.

While the linear regression model denotes a positive correlation between the variables, as reflected by the positive coefficients and positive regression line. However, there is a weak relationship given R, the correlation coefficient of 0.0472 in the Model Fit Measures table, and p-values of 0.521 and 0.590 indicate an insignificant relationship between the two variables. From these results, the researchers are accepting the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables which are water pressure and light bulb wattage respectively (H0), and rejecting the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between the variables(Ha).

Despite the inability to provide a strong relationship between the dependent and independent variables, the trials were still able to prove the ability of the generator to produce electricity through water like commercial dams and other smaller-scale generators from previous literature and studies. However, from these trials and gathered data, no unexpected observations were recorded.

The researchers examined the relationship between rainwater pressure and electricity generation. The findings indicate that there is no significant positive relationship between water pressure and light bulb wattage. Due to a lack of materials, the values provided are insufficient. Thus, it is recommended that the prototype be scaled up by conducting additional trials and increasing the number of wattages so that a significant relationship between rainwater pressure and electricity generation can be established. Nevertheless, the researchers discovered that the hydroelectric generator can light up to 15 watts of light bulbs during typhoons with at least 1160 psi. However, the prototype should be scaled up to power two or more appliances before being implemented in Don Manuel’s Gawad Kalinga community by using a larger and less expensive version of the turbine used in the experiment.

Nonetheless, the null hypothesis (H0) can be confidently accepted, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) can be rejected, as there is no significant relationship between rainwater pressure and the generated electricity. Furthermore, the group built an affordable small-scale hydroelectric generator 

prototype which differs greatly from expensive and large-scale hydroelectric generators that make use of water reservoirs that produce high amounts of electricity such as the Belo Monte Dam in Brazil.

The researchers were also able to address gaps in pre-existing hydroelectric generators, including harmful social and environmental impacts by using recycled materials to avoid huge expenses and carbon emissions, and reducing its size to not harm wildlife or take up a vast space to avoid deforestation. Thus, this research paper can be a basis for future researchers to come up with a more effective and stable prototype that could realistically be scaled up and implemented in different communities. Additionally, limitations arose during the study due to a lack of materials. For instance, despite achieving 9-15 watts of electricity at 1160 psi, it failed to produce 30 watts, so this can be improved by acquiring more materials, such as tools for the water pressure levels, in order to gain the sufficient amount of data and address the group’s major limitation.