Theoretical Framework
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The research paper aims to observe the effect of a prototype alarm system with integrated fire and earthquake sensors on the actionability of people in the case of a disaster. The alarm system will consist of Arduino sensors for both earthquake and fire occurrence. If the results of the experiments prove the prototype’s success, the project will be of help in being another measure to improve the country’s mitigation system as the Philippines’ vulnerability to severe damage after a disaster is still high.
The research study seeks to integrate two distinct alarm systems for earthquake and fire detection by utilizing Arduino UNO as the microcontroller board. The alarm system's primary objective is to address problems with the country's attempts to mitigate the effects of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and fires. In line with the main hypotheses, the goal of the iFEAD prototype is to successfully increase participants' awareness, improving their informativeness and actionability during the two disasters.
Theoretical Framework
In order to successfully address the research question, the research group was precise when it comes to building the prototype itself. The group made sure the alarm system activated quickly enough to provide information. In addition, the group also made sure that the difference between the fire and earthquake alarm were easily distinguished by the participants.
Procedural Framework
The conducted research is experimental and comparative with the use of the prototype since the researchers aimed to determine whether the participants can distinguish between the alarm sounds for the two calamities that the iFEAD prototype produced. The researchers formulated an accurate analysis of the relationship between the informativeness of the participants and their reactions toward the prototype. From the data collected, the researchers rated them based on the individual response of the participants, where the correlation between the abilities of the participants in distinguishing the two sensors and the effectiveness of the iFEAD prototype originated.
The group used convenience sampling to select participants in the twelfth grade from the age range of 16 to 19 years old, from St. Theresa’s College, Quezon City. This sampling method allowed easy access and communication with them, which assured the success of implementing the data collection process. The researchers gained five participants from six sections in the batch. Three groups were assigned to react to the manual prototype, which made them the control group. On the other hand, the remaining groups reacted to the prototype, which made them the experimental group, which explains why the sample size used in the research was thirty students.
Procedural Framework
For the data analysis, a rubric was used to give a score to how each participant evacuated as a response to their respective alarm system. Upon recording their ratings, the group used ‘Jamovi,’ to make an easy comparison of statistical analysis. In this research, the Independent Sample T-Test was applied to utilize two groups only and to see whether the two population means were different from each other (Frost, n.d.). This is also equipped with hypothesis testing, in which the null hypothesis states that there will be no significant difference between the computed means of the scores, while the alternative hypothesis states otherwise. In addition, the researchers hypothesized that the data for the experimental group would be larger than that of the control group. This can be interpreted as the prototype alarm system being more effective than the manual alarm system. In this research, the average time of participants’ evacuation and their accuracy for both the manual and prototype groups were the variables used.
Before conducting the prototype testing, the chosen participants received a Plain Original Statement and Consent Forms to secure privacy and any of their personal information. Additionally, the participants were given invitations disseminated by the researchers, where they were allowed to either participate in the study or reject due to other reasons. These measures were strictly upheld to guarantee the confidentiality of the collected data in the research. The manual & prototype testing involved five trials where the participants were oriented about fire and earthquake alarm systems before the actual testing started. This goes both ways for the control and experimental groups.
The research shows the effectiveness of the iFEAD prototype in alerting people regarding the disaster at hand. The inferential results show a significant difference between the controlled and experimental groups, which strengthens the group’s initial hypothesis - which is that the prototype will be successful. The data presented in the tables display the quantitative evidence the researchers collected and analyzed, which the researchers interpreted in paragraphs to form their key findings. The averages of the controlled and experimental groups vary greatly, which shows their natural reaction to unpredictable emergencies. This further reinforces the need for the statistical treatment (t-test) conducted by the group, as it supplements the interpretation of the data. The results between the controlled and experimental groups were significantly different, which implies the effectiveness of the iFEAD prototype. This aligns with the group’s objectives and hypothesis, which is to increase the informativeness and actionability of the participants.
The average time and score of each participant are the same as other participants in the same group, which aligns with how they moved cohesively during evacuation. The average time and score of each group, however, greatly varies from one another, despite the testing area and distance from the participants to the alarm being uniform. This indicates the many factors and elements included in emergencies and evacuation, which the group cannot remove from testing completely.
The results were able to determine and signify that the iFEAD prototype succeeded. With the help of Jamovi, a statistical tool, it gave a clear comparison between the descriptive results of manual and prototype groups to where the prototype is higher by 0.54 than the manual group. Likewise, the time rating prototype is higher by 0.2. On the other hand, the mean comparison shown in the manual group is between 1 (lowest) and 4 (highest). Low scores from the trials of the manual alarm were caused by errors in their response to the given disaster due to confusion as to what is earthquake or fire alarm. The results for the iFEAD prototype alarm system showed a range of scores between 3 and 4 (highest). Even though at first the alarm was confusing, in several trials, they managed to memorize the sound and responded well compared to the manual group. Therefore, it proved that the iFEAD prototype was able to help the respondents to be alert in such natural disasters.
The research helps open the topic of alarm systems, their similarities, and their effectiveness in everyday settings. This is a topic that could have been more effectively tackled by previous studies the group encountered in their Literature Review. The experiment’s results imply that alarm systems are more effective when they are further designed to be distinguishable. This study also serves as an expansion of scientific, and quantitative discussion or exploration in the field of alarm systems and their efficacy. The data collection or experimentation contains limitations in the form of time constraints and diversity of participants. This may affect the complete view of the alarm system’s efficacy as these factors may yield different and more authentic results. Nevertheless, these limitations are interpreted into recommendations for future research and testing.
Based on the researchers' findings, it is recommended that the prototype be powered with solar energy rather than relying on a 9-volt battery which can lose energy over time. The researchers propose that by utilizing natural light, the prototype will not only save money but also have less harmful effects on the environment. This has broader implications for raising awareness and educating individuals about utilizing sustainable energy sources in preparing for disasters, as it encompasses not only the immediate benefits of promoting renewable energy but also factors in the long-term positive impacts on the environment, the economy, and overall quality of life. By recognizing the significance of sustainable energy sources, individuals can make informed choices about their energy consumption and push for policies that prioritize clean energy technologies.
Moreover, this broader perspective on raising awareness includes initiatives to educate communities and organizations about the various sustainable energy options available such as solar, wind ,geothermal and hydroelectric power. Through increased knowledge and understanding of these alternatives, individuals can actively contribute to reducing carbon emissions, mitigating climate change and creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. While basic information may already be available to people on how to act in disasters, the researchers recognize the need for additional safety measures. Thus, the prototype was designed to ring and alert individuals during such events, providing an added layer of protection. This aligns with their objective and hypothesis, which proved successful in demonstrating that the iFEAD prototype aided participants in terms of accuracy and alertness. The researchers' recommendations hold significant potential for positively impacting communities.
Amery
"Framework Founding Starter"
Fides
"Nocturnal Crammer"
Jasnoor
"The Sensor Sensed"
Chelsey
"Electrical Engineer"
Alexandra
"SET ME FREE"
Jillian
"Free Grammarly Premium"
References
References
FOR MORE QUESTIONS ON THE GROUP'S RESEARCH, CLICK THE LINK BELOW.
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