Epidemiological studies have shown that a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and spices reduces the risk of developing cancer. This effect may be attributable to synergy between phytochemicals (biologically active compounds derived from plants) that are consumed at low levels. Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Risk factors for gastric cancer include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, stomach ulcers, and inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori. Several inherited genetic mutations are associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer. Regular dietary intake of phytochemicals can reduce the risk of major cancers. While exposure of cancer cells to a single phytochemical may be less effective in killing them or suppressing their growth, a combination of phytochemicals should lead to additive or synergistic effects. Combination treatments can be effective at low doses, making them candidates to prevent cancer initiation and/or progression. Previously, we have demonstrated a synergistic effect of curcumin and silibinin against colorectal cancer. In the present study, we assessed the anti-cancer effects of curcumin and silibinin individually, and in combination, against the gastric cancer cell line AGS. Our studies indicated that curcumin and silibinin in combination was more effective in inhibiting proliferation in the AGS cell line compared to the individual compounds or vehicle controls. Also, curcumin and the combination of curcumin and silibinin exert their anticancer activities via the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, and the resulting cell death is mediated by apoptosis. 

Dr. Ezekiel has taken a considerable amount of time and effort to creating a student-based learning environment in lab. He shows up to lab everyday, emphasizing a focus on critical thinking and gaining new knowledge. Dr. Ezekiel been incredibly supportive, encouraging, and optimistic. He is not only a phenomenal mentor, but an inspiring person that makes the lab more enjoyable. Thank you Dr. Ezekiel.