This poster was completed using research from medical journals and the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. While survival rates have improved for children and adolescents with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, late adverse effects from radiation therapy toxicities remain. Given the increased expected post-treatment timespan of pediatric patients, and the sensitive nature of the developing brain to radiation, extra attention must be given to the long-term effects of treatment in addition to the short-term. Possible complications from treatment include secondary malignancies and inhibited neurocognitive development. This neurocognitive impairment is exhibited in adulthood as lower educational attainment, unemployment, and non-independent living. Current approaches for decreasing these complications are intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic radio-surgery and radiation therapy (SRS, SRT), charged-particle therapy, and radio-immunotherapy. Studies show that these conformal approaches resulted in fewer complications than previous two-dimensional treatment techniques. However, currently available research is still limited in qualifying participants and follow-up timespans. For more comprehensive results, future studies should 1: not rely on patient self-reporting, and 2: increase patient follow up time to more than five to ten years to accurately gauge the long-term effects. Overall, continuing research is essential to the overall goal of cancer treatment, which is to eliminate as much of the malignant tissue while also having as little effect on the healthy tissue as possible.