Changes in the abiotic environment often crucially impact an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. In urban habitats, for instance, patchier and dryer water resources may pose substantial challenges for the coordination of mating and long-term reproductive success. We investigated how access to water resources in male wolf spiders affects multiple features of male and female reproductive success. We assigned adult Schizocosa stridulans males to one of two water availability treatments and randomly paired them with adult females that received a constant water availability treatment. We then tested for differences between male watering treatments in the likelihood for males to copulate with a given female, which likely shapes a large proportion of variation in male reproductive success. To explore factors that shape reproductive success in both sexes, we assessed the timing of offspring development, the fecundity of mated females, and offspring viability. We specifically tested for treatment differences in the latency of oviposition and hatching, the total number of offspring per mated female, mean offspring size, and the number of days offspring survived under starvation. Our results will illuminate the complex mechanisms that dictate how the large, but often overlooked, effect that water availability has on reproduction, and how it alters sexual selection dynamics and the benefits that an individual can provide to potential mates.