Cooperation Enforcement

Many works have pointed out that the impact of malicious and selfish users must be carefully investigated. The selfish nodes are most concerned about their energy consumption and intentionally drop packets to save power. The purpose of malicious node is to attack network using various intrusive techniques. In general, nodes in an ad hoc network can exhibit Byzantine behaviors. That is, they can drop, modify, or misroute data packets. As a result, the availability and robustness of the network are severely compromised.

Existing cooperation enforcement techniques cannot be adapted for some of recent advance in routing protocols. In this project, we address the security and cooperation issues for Virtual Router approach by proposed an efficient and on-demand 3CE (3-Counter Enforcement) scheme and to enforce collaboration. Since the Virtual Router approach addresses highly dynamic networks (i.e., vehicle-to-vehicle networks), the existing misbehaving-node detection techniques are not suitable. Our approach supports this type of routing protocol under high mobility environments. Each node maintains three counters to represent its own status (i.e., reputation). Since nodes only determine their neighboring nodes’ counters information when a location discovery phase, no additional information is needed under a normal operation (i.e., nodes behave normally). With large number of nodes and high mobility, the proposed approach enforces the cooperation on-demand with minimum increase of delay.