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FOSS by Saravanan S - Telegram Group Link

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AnsbhBvGI91DzuucB8jgVQ

http://sites.google.com/site/UnityInDiversity99/

FOSS details I like to share

Introduction To R Software - https://sites.google.com/view/introductiontorsoftware/

E-Content For Pondicherry University M.Sc. (Agri.) 2015 Syllabus - COM 501 / STA 503 Course (Click This to View)

E-Content For Pondicherry University M.Sc. (Agri.) 2015 Syllabus - AEC - PGS 504 Course (Click This to View)

Most Precious Things In This Planet Are Free - Sunshine, Air, Water, FOSS

Dear viewers

FOSS by Saravanan S

Telegram Group Link

https://telegram.me/joinchat/AnsbhBvGI91DzuucB8jgVQ

---

Most Precious Things

In This Planet

Are Free -

---

Sunshine

Air

Water

FOSS

https://sites.google.com/site/unityindiversity99/

---

---

Dear Members

Above Website Content,

I Was Updating

For Many Years

Based on The

Doubt Asked to Me,

Related to FOSS

By Those Who

Are Interested in FOSS

And Logically Around Me.

---

Now I Don't Find

Much Time To

Update it Frequently.

---

Hence, I Thought of Having

This Telegram Group Also,

So That Who Are

Interested in FOSS,

And Logically Around Me,

Can Help Everyone

---

Feel Free To Share

Your Doubts / Help

Related to FOSS.

---

Usually Contents

Will be Deleted

After Few Days

To Maintain

Readability in

The Group, Even

When it is a

Valuable Content.

---

Those Who Are in

Need of The Content

Take Backup of

Those Frequently.

---

Only Voluntary Content,

Please

---

FAQ of Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 (Expected to be the Default Ubuntu 18.04)

To Activate Activities Overview Mode in Ubuntu GNOME

Press Super (Windows) Key

or

Click Activities Button (in Top Left Corner of Screen)

or

Take Mouse Pointer to Top-Left Corner of Screen

All Running Applications in the Current Workspace Are Shown

All Workspaces Preview Are Shown in the Right Side

Favourite Application Launchers Are Shown in the Left Side Dash

After That, Can Simply Type to Search Installed Applications Using Search Bar

---

To Cancel (Deactivate) Activities Overview Mode in Ubuntu GNOME

Press Super (Windows) Key

or

Press Activities Button (in Top Left Corner of Screen)

or

Take Mouse Pointer to Top-Left Corner of Screen

or

Press Esc Key

---

To Switch Between Workspaces in Ubuntu GNOME

Ctrl + Alt + Up / Down (Arrow Key)

---

To Switch Between Applications of All Workspaces in Ubuntu GNOME

Alt + Tab

---

To Maximize Current Application Window in Ubuntu GNOME

Ctrl + Super (Windows) Key + Up (Arrow Key)

---

Some Tray Icons Are Missing in Ubuntu GNOME

Example: Tray Icon of Gnome Encfs Manager

Take Your Mouse Pointer to Bottom Left Corner & See

To Run Kubuntu 16.04 Faster in Low Resource Systems (or in a Gamer System)

Start > Computer > System Settings >

Display and Monitor > Compositor >

1) Enable compositor on startup > Uncheck

2) Animation speed > Instant

3) Scale method > Crisp

Apply > Close > Restart computer

Embrace Open Source Philosophy, Kalam Tells Scientists, Researchers - 17 Dec 2010

The concept of Free Software,

wherein knowledge is created by the community for the community,

without being driven by commercial interests,

must be extended to research to solve problems in

health care, agriculture, energy and safe drinking water,

the former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, said.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article956890.ece

India Mandates Use of Open Source Software in Government

http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/policy_on_adoption_of_oss.pdf

http://www.onenewspage.com/n/Internet/754y8rxbu/India-wants-to-use-more-open-source-software.htm

http://thenextweb.com/in/2015/03/30/india-wants-to-use-more-open-source-software-to-build-e-governance-apps/

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2903512/india-backs-open-source-software-for-egovernance-projects.html

FAQ: If Laptop WiFi Not Compatible / Working With Ubuntu Linux

Purchase From any Retailer Any USB WiFi Dongle by Checking Compatibility With Ubuntu Linux

If Purchasing Online, Confirm Compatibility Based on Review

FAQ: Will my new laptop going to purchase be compatible with latest Ubuntu Linux

Purchase it from retailer, who agrees to install latest Ubuntu LTS Linux (may be along with other OS)

or

If Purchasing Online, purchase a laptop which comes pre-installed with Ubuntu (or Linux)

or Confirm Compatibility based on review

FAQ: Linux (Commands / Applications) in Android Mobile OS

UserLAnd - Linux in non-rooted Android

{

Select VNC (for GUI) or SSH (for CUI) while installing.

Install bVNC (VNC Client Android app), if GUI is needed.

Install ConnectBot (SSH Client Android app), if CUI is enough.

---

In Android 7.0, installed R (with bVNC) (Installing basic Debian also).

On 21.Dec.2018, R working, including graph / plot.

---

In Android 7.0, installed Ubuntu (with bVNC)

(Installs core Terminal like Ubuntu)

(sudo apt-get update works)

(May support apt-get install lxde-core, etc...)

---

Following Available

OS - Arch, Debian, Kali, Ubuntu

Browser - Firefox

Game - Adventure, Zork

Math - Gnuplot, Octave, R

Office - Gimp, Libreoffice

Vcs - Git

---

Termux - Alternate to UserLAnd, but only Terminal like

GNURoot Debian has been stopped maintaining as on 20.Dec.2018

}

(Creating 2 Partitions in USB Drive & ) Making Ubuntu Bootable USB Drive Using UNetbootin

Note: It is Possible to Create bootable disk in a Single fat32 Partition, but virus may disturb the bootable files if the usb drive is used in virus infected computer

Creating 2 Partition(s) in USB Drive

Making 2 Partitions USB Drive Ubuntu Bootable

Install unetbootin, if not already installed

( for latest versions

Download unetbootin (binary) softwares from below link(s)

https://github.com/unetbootin/unetbootin/releases/

https://unetbootin.github.io/

Ubuntu users after downloading it in $HOME folder, give below commands in Terminal

chmod +x unetbootin-linux64-661.bin

sudo ./unetbootin-linux64-661.bin

)

Note:

To Make Ubuntu Bootable usb Disk From Windows (Use single partitioned usb drive here. 2 partitions usb drives supported only in Ubuntu)

Have Ubuntu .iso file in a folder in Windows

Download unetbootin (binary) softwares from below link(s)

https://github.com/unetbootin/unetbootin/releases/

https://unetbootin.github.io/

Ubuntu users after downloading it in $HOME folder, give below commands in Terminal

chmod +x unetbootin-linux64-661.bin

sudo ./unetbootin-linux64-661.bin

Install it & make your usb drive bootable

--------------------------

Boot disk created using older Ubuntu / Windows may show gfxboot.c32:not a valid COM32R image) - Solution

When the below prompt occurs

boot:

Press Tab

Options

live, live install, etc...

Appears

Type

live

and Press Enter

If UEFI mode Windows already installed, settings to enter into BIOS

Win8 > Desktop > Windows key + C > Settings >

Change PC Settings > General > Advanced Startup > Restart now >

Windows 8 will restart > "Choose an option" screen appears >

UEFI Firmware Settings > Tools and settings > Advance options > Prompt to restart and change settings > Restart

Win8.1 > Desktop > Move cursor to right top corner > Settings >

Change PC Settings > Update and recovery > Recovery > Advanced Startup > Restart now >

Windows 8 will restart > "Choose an option" screen appears > Troubleshoot > Advanced options >

UEFI Firmware Settings > Restart

Win10 > > Start > Settings >

Update and Security > Recovery > Advanced Startup > Restart now >

Windows 10 will restart > "Choose an option" screen appears > Troubleshoot > Advanced options >

UEFI Firmware Settings > Restart

Now enter into bios using the keys displayed in the screen or use any of the keys given in the next paragraph

Press any of the below keys repeatedly / immediately after switching on laptop to enter into BIOS

Del

F1

Fn+F1

F2

Fn + F2

Fn + Esc

Esc

Esc, F10

F10

F11

F12

Ctrl+Alt+F3

Ctrl+Alt+Ins

Ctrl + Alt + Enter

Ctrl+Alt+Esc

Ctrl+Alt+Esc, F1

Tab

Separate button at the left side (Lenovo)

Press any of the below keys repeatedly / immediately to select a boot device

Esc (In some HP, HCL), F9 (In some HP)

F2 > Exit > Select USB device to boot

F12

Fn + F12

Assist button at the top (Sony)

Del

To identify original OEM Windows Product key, etc...

Do this only if you have original Windows already installed

Download latest WinKeyFinder from the below link.

http://www.winkeyfinder.com/

Run it & note down your original

Windows Product Key

Prouduct ID &

Windows Version

Use the details while installing Windows once again

Super GRUB2 Disk (SG2D)

Version 2.02s9 Released on 07.May.2017

A live cd

that helps to boot into

nearly any Operating System,

when not able to boot

by normal means.

Super GRUB2 Disk (SG2D) Helps To Boot Bootable ISOs kept in hard disk

(in /boot-isos/ or /boot/boot-isos/ folder)

---

To Create Bootable USB Disk of Super GRUB2 Disk

Download the .iso to $HOME folder from the below link

http://www.supergrubdisk.org/category/download/supergrub2diskdownload/super-grub2-disk-stable/

Example

super_grub2_disk_hybrid_2.02s9.iso

Plug an USB drive

Use Disks (software) & find out the device name of USB disk.

Example

/dev/sdb

Run the below 2 commands in Terminal

(Note: All usb disk content will be erased)

sudo dd if=$HOME/super_grub2_disk_hybrid_2.02s9.iso of=/dev/sdb

sudo sync

---

To Use the Unused Portion of Created Bootable USB Disk of Super GRUB2 Disk for Other Purposes

Plug the bootable USB Super GRUB2 Disk

View Through GParted

3 small hidded partitions can be seen and

Remaining space will be anallocated.

Create NTFS partition in the unallocated space with LABEL

Step A00:

To Mount Hibernated (or Improper Shutdown) Not Booting Windows Partitions From Ubuntu (Automount option also available)

(This procedure checked in Ubuntu 18.04)

Let us assume that the Windows Partition is

Labeled W (Automount not needed) and

Data Partition is Labeled D (Automount needed)

Disks > Select the Windows NTFS Partition >

Additional partition options (Gear) Icon > Edit Mount Options >

User Session Defaults > OFF >

Mount at system startup (Check if it is for D labeled partition and Decheck if it is W labeled partition) >

Show in user interface > Check >

Replace

nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show

With

nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show,remove_hiberfile

(Note: at the end added ,remove_hiberfile) >

Identify As > Label = D or Label = W >

OK > Restart Computer

D Partition will get Automounted

W Partition can be mounted From Files (Nautilus)

Note:

This Actually Removes the Windows hibernation file hiberfil.sys, if any exists, Which is Disabling the Mounting

Alternative Temporary Way Instead of Above:

Open > Disks >

Identify the partition number like /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, etc... >

Run the below command in Terminal (Replace /dev/sda2 with yours)

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda2

Note: Change /dev/sda2 based on your Linux partition

Steps A01-A07

Hard Disk Partitioning

These Steps Not Needed If Already Partitioned Once & Installed Any Version of Ubuntu

Step A01: Disable BIOS Secure Boot

Step A02: Enable BIOS Legacy / CSM (Rarely Some Laptops Like HP 15-d008tu Have No BIOS Legacy)

Step A03: If (Windows Already Installed & Working )

Prepare W Partition, Off Hibernate & Identify Whether HDD is as MSDOS (MBR) or GPT (GUID Partition Table)

Enter into Windows > Right click My Computer > Manage > Disk Management >

At the bottom right, all partitions are shown diagrammatically as rectangles.

Delete all partitions next to C drive in its right side

Label the C drive as W

If more than 50,000 MB already allotted to Windows, right click over W partition and select shrink to reduce to the extent possible

(Note: 100000 May Be Used Instead of 50000, if 1TB or Greater Capacity HDD is Used)

(

Note:

Windows C drive can be shrinked more than 50% following procedure given in the below link

like paging off, defrag, system protection off, ....)

http://www.markschabacker.com/blog/2014/08/22/win-partition-shrink/

)

Windows key + x > Command Prompt (Admin) > Yes >

Type > powercfg hibernate off > Press enter > Restart Windows

Boot from Ubuntu bootable usb drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Ubuntu will run in live mode

Select Dash > GParted Partition Editor >

View > Device Information >

Displayed content has the line

"Partition table: gpt"

or

"Partition table: msdos"

Step A04: If (Windows Already Installed & Working) & If HDD is as MSDOS (Found in Step A03)

(Do Either Step-A04 or A05 or A06 or A07)

Boot from Ubuntu bootable usb drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Ubuntu will run in live mode

Select Dash > GParted Partition Editor >

Manage / Create Partitions as Below

?GB - NTFS - W Label (Windows already installed. Don't disturb this & partitions before this)

Extended Partition - Covering All Below Space & All Below Are Logical Partitions Inside This Extended Partition

50GB - EXT4 (for Linux / - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

20GB - LINUX_SWAP (Ubuntu automatically use it as swap partition) - double the size of RAM or 20GB whichever is bigger

Remaining - NTFS - D Label (to keep & access data from Windows & Ubuntu)

Go To Step-B02 (Legacy mode Ubuntu Installation)

Step A05: If (Windows Already Installed & Working) & If HDD is as GPT (Found in Step A03)

(Do Either Step-A04 or A05 or A06 or A07)

Boot from Ubuntu bootable usb drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Ubuntu will run in live mode

Select Dash > GParted Partition Editor >

Manage / Create Partitions as Below

256MB - FAT32 - BOOT Flag - fat32

(

If Above Already Existing, Don't Delete

UEFI mode Ubuntu automatically use it as EFI Partition along with Windows EFI

After UEFI mode Ubuntu Installation, in bios have to change priority to Ubuntu UEFI instead of Windows UEFI

)

128MB - UNFORMATTED - BIOS_GRUB Flag - (UEFI mode Ubuntu automatically use it as bios partition - If Already Exists, Delete & Recreate)

50GB - NTFS - W Label (for Windows - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

50GB - EXT4 (for Linux / - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

20GB - LINUX_SWAP (Ubuntu automatically use it as swap partition) - double the size of RAM or 20GB whichever is bigger

Remaining - NTFS - D Label (to keep & access data from Windows & Ubuntu)

Go To Step-B03 (UEFI mode Ubuntu Installation)

Step A06: If (Windows Not Installed Already / Not Working State) & Have (Bios Legacy) Support

(Do Either Step-A04 or A05 or A06 or A07)

Prepare HDD as MSDOS (MBR) and Partitions as Below

Boot from Ubuntu bootable usb drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Ubuntu will run in live mode

Select Dash > GParted Partition Editor >

Device > Create Partition Table > MSDOS > Apply

All the partitions will get deleted

Create Partitions as Below

50GB - NTFS - W Label (for Windows - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

Extended Partition - Covering All Below Space & All Below Are Logical Partitions Inside This Extended Partition

50GB - EXT4 (for Linux / - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

20GB - LINUX_SWAP (Ubuntu automatically use it as swap partition) - double the size of RAM or 20GB whichever is bigger

Remaining - NTFS - D Label (to keep & access data from Windows & Ubuntu)

Go To Step-B02 (Legacy mode Ubuntu Installation)

Step A07: If (Windows Not Installed Already / Not Working) & Have Bios UEFI Only (No Bios Legacy Support)

(Do Either Step-A04 or A05 or A06 or A07)

Prepare HDD as GPT and Partitions as Below

Boot from Ubuntu bootable usb drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Ubuntu will run in live mode

Select Dash > GParted Partition Editor >

Device > Create Partition Table > GPT > Apply

All the partitions will get deleted

Create Partitions as Below

256MB - FAT32 - BOOT Flag - fat32 - (UEFI mode Ubuntu automatically use it as EFI Partition)

128MB - UNFORMATTED - BIOS_GRUB Flag - (UEFI mode Ubuntu automatically use it as bios partition)

50GB - NTFS - W Label (for Windows - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

50GB - EXT4 (for Linux / - can be 100GB in a 1TB or bigger disk)

20GB - LINUX_SWAP (Ubuntu automatically use it as swap partition) - double the size of RAM or 20GB whichever is bigger

Remaining - NTFS - D Label (to keep & access data from Windows & Ubuntu)

Go To Step-B03 (UEFI mode Ubuntu Installation)

Steps B01-B10

Ubuntu Installation

Step B01: Checking compatibility of the Ubuntu version you have with your laptop before installing

Boot from Ubuntu bootable pen drive

Select Try Ubuntu

Work for few minutes to check compatibility

Shut down the computer.

Step B02: Legacy mode Ubuntu Installation (Do Either Step-B02 or B03)

Disconnect network cable from computer, if connected

Boot from Ubuntu bootable pen drive or CD

Click Install Ubuntu

Click simply Continue for any dialog box that appears, other than the ones shown below

Step B03: UEFI mode Ubuntu Installation (Do Either Step-B02 or B03)

Disconnect network cable from computer, if connected

Boot from Ubuntu bootable pen drive or CD

Click simply Continue for any dialog box that appears, other than the ones shown belo

Select Install Ubuntu

Step B04: Installation type dialog box appears

Select "Something else" radio button

Click Continue

Step B05: Hard Disk Partitions Display

Select /dev/sda in Device for boot loader installation

Click at ext4 partition and click Change....

Step B06: Edit a Partition Dialog Box Appears

Select Use as ext4 journaling file system

Select Format the partition

Select / as mount point.

Don't erase content of New partition size

Click Ok

This Edit a partition dialog box closes

Click Install Now

Note: Partitions Like Swap, Bios, EFI will be automatically taken by Ubuntu

Step B07: Where are you dialog box appears

Select India (Kolkata) in map and click Continue

Step B08: Who are you dialog box appears

In the text boxes

Type any name

Type password 2 times

Select Log in automatically

Click Continue.

Step B09: Wait approximately for 10 minutes

Dialog box with "Restart now" button will appear

Close the dialog box

Ubuntu will load fully in live mode

Shut down computer

Remove pen drive

Step B10: If UEFI mode Ubuntu installed (Doing Step B3) along with UEFI mode Windows

Inside BIOS, under uefi boot menu, set Ubuntu as the default UEFI

Step B11: Privacy Settings

Dash > Privacy > Screen Lock > Automatic Screen Lock > Off > Show Notifications > Off

Dash > Privacy > Usage & History > Off

Dash > Privacy > Purge Trash & Temporary Files > Off

Dash > Privacy > Location Services > Off

Dash > Power > Blank Screen > 15 minutes

Close all.

Step B12: Disabling Error Reporting Popup

Dash > Terminal >

sudo gedit /etc/default/apport

Replace

enabled=1

With

enabled=0

File > Save >

File > Quit

Step B13: Touchpad Tap to Click Not Working in Laptop in Ubuntu 16.04.3 - Solution

Step 1:

Dash > Startup Applications > Click Add >

In Name text box, type > To Enable TapToClick >

In the Command Text Box, type >

synclient TapButton1=1 TapButton2=3 TapButton3=2

Add > Close > Restart Computer

---

Step 2: If Above Issue Still Persists, Do Below Step 2 Also

Terminal > Run Below Command

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

In the file that opens, add the below line just before the exit 0. Save. Quit. Restart Computer.

rmmod psmouse

Step B14: (Optional) To Have Minimize, Maximize Button to Windows in Gnome Shell of Ubuntu 16.04.3

Open > Tweak Tool > Windows > Titlebar Buttons >

Maximize > ON > Minimize > ON > Close

Step B15: (Optional) Disabling Alert Sound - Example When Cursor Reach End of File

Sound > Sound Effects > Alert volume > OFF

Step B16: (Optional) To Auto Shutdown When Laptop Lid is Closed - Checked in Ubuntu 16.04

Terminal > Run Below Command

sudo gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf

In the file that opens, add the below line after #HandleLidSwitch=suspend

HandleLidSwitch=poweroff

Save & Quit. Restart Computer

Note: Step B13, Step B14, Step C02 May Help to Avoid Fire Accidents, if Slept by Keeping Laptop in Bed

Step B17: (Optional) To Auto Shutdown When Power Button is Pressed - Checked in Ubuntu 16.04

Terminal > Run Below Command

sudo gedit /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh

In the file that opens, add the below line just after #!/bin/sh

/sbin/shutdown -h now

Save & Quit. Restart Computer

Note: Step B13, Step B14, Step C02 May Help to Avoid Fire Accidents, if Slept by Keeping Laptop in Bed

Step C01: Tuning /etc/apt/sources.list File & Installing Synaptic Package Manager

Dash > Terminal > Run the below command >

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

A file opens > Delete the existing content >

Copy & Paste the below 6 lines

deb http://10.0.0.1/ubuntu xenial main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://10.0.0.1/ubuntu xenial-updates main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://10.0.0.1/ubuntu xenial-security main universe restricted multiverse

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main universe restricted multiverse

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main universe restricted multiverse

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main universe restricted multiverse

# Other Than PAJANCOA Campus Users, Copy & Paste the below 3 lines instead of above 6 lines

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main universe restricted multiverse

Save & Quit

---

Synaptic Package Manager Installation Using Terminal

Give password whenever it asks

Dash > Terminal > Run the below commands (If It Asks Y/N, Press Y and Enter)

sudo apt-get update -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true

sudo apt-get install synaptic xprintidle

Step C02: (Optional) To Auto Shutdown When Laptop is Idle For Certain Time - Checked in Ubuntu 16.04

Note: xprintidle has been installed in Step C01

Terminal > Run the below command >

sudo gedit /home/.toshutdown.sh

A file opens > Copy & Paste the below lines which are between ---Script Start--- & ---Script End--- (Don't Copy ---Script Start--- & ---Script End--- )

---Script Start---

#!/bin/bash

#idletime=$((1000*60*10)) # for 10 minutes

idletime=$((1000*60*60*2)) # for 2 hours

while true; do

idle=`xprintidle`

echo $idle

if (( $idle > $idletime )); then

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 /org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true

fi

sleep 1

done

---Script End---

Save & Quit

Terminal > Run the below command >

sudo chmod 777 /home/.toshutdown.sh

Startup Applications > Click Add >

In Name text box, type > To Auto Shutdown When Idle >

In the Command Text Box, type > /home/.toshutdown.sh >

Add > Close > Restart Computer

Note: Step B17, Step B18, Step C02 May Help to Avoid Fire Accidents, if Slept by Keeping Laptop in Bed

Step C03: Additional Packages Suggested For Academic Related Users

All Below Software Packages Can be Installed in a Single Step by Using Below Method

Download file stepc03.txt given at the bottom of this web page into $HOME folder

Select Dash > Synaptic Package Manager > File > Read Markings > Other Locations > Computer > home > $HOME > stepc03.txt > Mark > Apply > Apply

- - -

Note:

Download May Take 5 Minutes From Intranet & 30 to 600 Mintues, if From Internet

After Downloading, May Take Some 30 Minutes For Installing

After Installation is Complete, Below Works Suggested

Work 1: Procedure Given Below The Packages dconf-editor & gnome-tweak-tool

Work 2: Configure WiFi

Work 3: Open > Details > Default Applications > Video > VLC media player > Music > VLC media player

Work 4: Suggested Favorites in Favorites Bar

Firefox

Files

LibreOffice

Word

Excel

PowerPoint

Qt Creator

R

GIMP

Inkscape

Audacity

Avidemux

--- Packages List Starts

artha - A good offline thesaurus/dictionary, installs wordnet

audacity - Audio editor and recorder (Effects > Karaoke, sox can also do well)

blender - Maya, 3D Max Equivalent - Fast 3D Modeling, Video Editing, Animation, Photorealistic Rendering, Landscaping, ...

(

Also

Fast Rigging, Sculpting, Fast UV Unwrapping, Full Compositor, Amazing Simulations, Game Creation, Camera and Object tracking, Library of Extensions

Used by / in

NASA

Spider-Man 2 Movie

Friday or Another Day French Movie

Shows on History Channel

Many TV Commercials in Australia, Iceland, Brazil, Russia, Sweden, ...

Book - Blender 3D: Noob to Pro

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Blender_3D:_Noob_to_Pro

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/BlenderDocumentation.pdf

)

blueman - Bluetooth Manager

calibre - e-book manager (epub reader)

codeblocks-contrib - also installs codeblocks - IDE for C, C++, & Fortran

codelite - IDE For C/C++, PHP, Java, Perl, XML, PHP, JavaScript, Python, HTML, ASP, ...

codelite-plugins - plugins of codelite - IDE For C/C++, PHP, Java, Perl, XML, PHP, JavaScript, Python, HTML, ASP, ...

default-jre - default Java Runtime Environment

{

While Running LibreOffice Base it Tells Please install a JRE and Restart LibreOffice, Though it Was Working Earlier (Checked in Ubuntu 16.04.1)

An Update May be The Reason

Solution:

Open > Libreoffice >

Tools > Options > Advanced >

Select > Use a Java runtime environment (if not already selected) >

Select > JRE From the List Below (Example Oracle Corporation) > OK

}

docker.io - docker community edition - containerization - example - Oracle Database Express Edition 11g Release 2

{

sudo docker info

sudo docker pull hello-world

sudo docker run hello-world

---

Above is example for docker containerization. Below as on Aug.2018

Oracle Database Express Edition 11g Release 2 on Top of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Docker Containerization

---

sudo docker pull alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g

sudo docker run -d --shm-size=2g -p 1521:1521 -p 8080:8080 alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g

---

Note:

(Checked in Ubuntu 18.04)

--shm-size=2g is 2GB shared memory

Use --shm-size=1.2g if your system has only 2GB RAM

Better to have more than 1GB for Oracle

---

Connect database with following setting:

hostname: 127.0.0.1

port: 1521

sid: xe

username: system

password: oracle

Password for SYS user

oracle

---

Connect to Oracle Application Express web management console with following settings:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/apex

workspace: internal

user: admin

password: oracle

---

To List Docker Images Available in The System

sudo docker images

---

To List Running Docker Containers with Image Names, Container ID, etc...

sudo docker container ls

---

To Stop a Running Docker Container of a Docker Image

sudo docker container stop <Container ID>

----

https://hub.docker.com/_/hello-world/

https://hub.docker.com/r/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g/

https://github.com/alexei-led/docker-oracle-xe-11g

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

https://hub.docker.com/explore/

https://hub.docker.com/r/wnameless/oracle-xe-11g/

}

etherape - displays network traffic graphically between the computer & others in LAN & Internet

extremetuxracer - slide in a snow covered mountain as quickly as possible

ffmpeg - gives ffserver & ffmpeg, which supports lot of multimedia format

{

LAN Radio Using ffmpeg & ffserver - checked in Ubuntu 16.04

(Above Works Well in WiFi LAN Also For Multiple Clients)

(Similarly LAN TV Also Possible)

---

#sudo gedit /etc/ffserver.conf

# Comment all lines, except below lines

HTTPPort 8090

HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0

MaxHTTPConnections 2000

MaxClients 1000

MaxBandwidth 1000

#---

# Add below 2 paragraphs to the beginning of file. Save & Quit

<Feed micaudiofeed.ffm>

ACL allow 127.0.0.1

</Feed>

<Stream micaudiostream.wav>

Feed micaudiofeed.ffm

Metadata title "Mic Audio Stream"

AudioBitRate 64

AudioChannels 2

AudioSampleRate 44100

NoVideo

</Stream>

---

ffserver

---

To get details of input audio devices like hw:0, use below command in Terminal

arecord -L

---

Open > Terminal >

ffmpeg -f alsa -i hw:0 http://127.0.0.1:8090/micaudiofeed.ffm

Play a song or talk in the mic of local system

---

In multiple remote systems (Laptop / Mobile) >

VLC > Media > Open Network Stream >

http://<serverip>:8090/micaudiostream.wav

---

For More Details:

https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Capture/ALSA

https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/StreamingGuide

https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffserver.html

}

fonts-noto-hinted - 100+ Google unicode fonts

fonts-indic - needed by firefox to display properly some Indian languages like Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, etc... in Ubuntu Gnome 16.04

frozen-bubble - LAN game - aim and shoot at same colored bubble present as group of bubbles

gdebi - .deb format package file installer

geany-plugins - IDE & Text Editor (Light Weight) - Along With its Plugins

{

Supports C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, PHP, HTML, LaTeX, CSS, Python, Perl, and Many

Save the file with correct extension (e..g .py for python and .cpp for C++), to get syntax highlighting and auto complete

Ctrl + Spacebar - For auto complete to work

View > Editor > Show White Space to view space, tab, etc...

}

gimagereader - GUI to tesseract-ocr OCR like ocrfeeder

gimp - Equivalent to Photoshop - Raster Graphics Editor

gnome-power-manager - GNOME Power Statistics Tool

gnome-session-wayland - wayland based GNOME desktop session

gparted - Partition editor

gramps - To Create Humans Family Tree - For Research Related to Animal Pedigree - Genealogical Research and Analysis Management Programming System

(

Suggested Method To Create Family Tree Book in Gramps

Step 1:

Gramps > Add People with > in Name in Below Format (Change Information as You Like) >

<MobileOfMales> <BirthDateMonthWithoutYear/LivedUptoYearWithoutDateMonth> <Name> >

in Surname - Places They Lived Long (Multiple Surnames Possible) >

(Above Surnames Will Help to Find People Who Lived Long in Same Place To Help Each Other)

Step 2:

Gramps > People > Select a Person (Right Side Filter Can Be Used To Search) >

Relationships > Will Show >

Parents (Father, Mother, Siblings) & Family (Spouse, Children) >

Take a ScreenShot to Create 1 Page

Step 3:

Create Such Screenshots For All People - 1 Page For 1 People >

Arrange All These Screenshots in LibreOffice Writer / Word >

Export as .pdf file

or

Arrange All These Screenshots in LibreOffice Impress / Powerpoint >

Create a .odp / .pptx Presentation File

Note: Other Options Below

Before generating report, select person using People > Filter > Name > Type name > Find

Select an elder person > Reports > Graphical Reports > Descendant Tree > Size > Resize Page to Fit Tree Size > Output Format > SVG document > Ok

Select an elder person > Reports > Graphical Reports > Family Descendant Tree > Size > Resize Page to Fit Tree Size > Output Format > SVG document > Ok

Select a younger person > Reports > Graphical Reports > Ancestor Tree > Size > Resize Page to Fit Tree Size > Output Format > SVG document > Ok

Select a younger person > Reports > Graphical Reports > Fan Chart... > Size > Resize Page to Fit Tree Size > Output Format > SVG document > Ok

Use Inkscape to open .svg & export to .png. Instead of .svg, .pdf can also be used.

)

graphicsmagick - Powerful Image Processing Tool - Used by Epson Scanner Driver Bundle Image Scan

{

Epson Scanner Driver For Ubuntu - Image Scan V3 (imagescan-bundle-ubuntu / imagescan 1.3.22)

(Checked in Ubuntu 16.04 - Scanner - Epson Perfection V39 - Works)

(as on Nov.2017 Packages Are Available For Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu 16.04, ...)

http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX

https://launchpad.net/iscan

http://support.epson.net/linux/en/imagescanv3.php?version=1.3.22

Download From Any of Above Links > Extract > chmod 777 > Install >

Connect Scanner > Restart Computer >

Open > Image Scan

}

grsync - GUI for rsync

{

Synchronizing using Grsync (GUI for rsync) between folders in Local computer

Basic settings > preserve time, delete on destination, verbose, show transfer progress,

Advanced options > Copy symlinks as symlinks, Copy hardlinks as hardlinks,

Add a / at the end of both source & destination paths

(Avoid characters like " * / : < > ? \ | in filenames as fat32 pen drives have problem in supporting)

---

Synchronizing using Grsync (GUI for rsync) between CD Drive & a Folder

When K3b, Rip to CD / DVD, fails in middle with CD / DVD with lot of scratches

Use grsync with an additional setting of

Keep partially synchronized files

---

If VCD, play the entire DVD containing folder or try renaming the .dat file to .mpg & play with VLC

If DVD, play the entire DVD containing folder or .vob files can be played with VLC

If not able to play using above methods, then may try below commands to convert them

vcdxrip -i=<input file> -o=<output file> --no-ext-psd <enter>

vcdxrip -b=<input binary image file> -o=<output file> --no-ext-psd <enter>

mencoder -dvd-device <path to dvd device or folder containing dvd files> -o <output file> <enter>

ffmpeg -i video.dat -target vcd vcdvideo.mpg

}

gstreamer1.0-libav - multimedia format support in GNOME Videos Media Player (Earlier Called Totem), Pitivi, handbrake, etc...

guvcview - Has advanced settings and support additional webcams than cheese. Sometimes cheese sense some cams after running guvcview once

Handbrake - Video transcoder / Audio, Video converter (for Linux, Windows)

{

https://launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/ubuntu/handbrake-releases

sudo add-apt-repository http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-releases/ubuntu

handbrake and winff reencodes in contrast to mkvmerge and avidemux

handbrake uses gstreamer

winff uses FFmpeg

libavcodec-extra-54 replaces libavcodec54

But libavcodec-extra-54 makes opencv stop working though supports more formats

}

hedgewars - LAN game - time limited turn based attack

ibus-m17n - To have more languages in ibus preferences input method including Tamil (Phonetic)

{

Tamil (or other languages) typing using Phonetics (checked in Ubuntu Gnome 16.04)

(Like anpudan should give அன்புடன்)

Step 1

Ensure that ibus-m17n package has been installed. If it is installed freshly, restart computer once.

---

Step 2

Region & Language > + > Add an input source > ... > Other > Tamil (phonetic (m17n)) > Add > Close

Note: In Ubuntu 16.04, Use Text Entry > Input sources to use > + > Choose an input source > Tamil (phonetic (m17n)) > Add > Close

---

Step 3

SuperKey+Spacebar to switch between Tamil (phonetic) and English

---

English keys to type Tamil language using Tamil phonetic in Ubuntu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_script

12 vowels (உயிரெழுத்து)

அ a

ஆ A

இ i

ஈ I

உ u

ஊ U

எ e

ஏ E

ஐ ai

ஒ o

ஓ O

ஔ au

1 hermaphrodite letter (அலியெழுத்து)

(neither a consonant nor a vowel, though often considered as part of the vowel set)

ஃ q

Note:

ஃ is not used much, but combined nowadays as below to represent the 3 foreign sounds which are not in Tamil

f ஃப

z ஃஜ

x ஃஸ்

18 consonants (மெய்யெழுத்து)

க் k

ச் c

ட் d

த் th

ப் p

ற் R

ய் y

ர் r

ல் l

வ் v

ழ் z

ள் L

ங் ng

ஞ் nj

ண் N

ந் w

ம் m

ன் n

216 combinant letters (உயிர்மெய்யெழுத்து) are formed by adding a vowel marker to the consonant (12x18=216)

E..g

க ka

நா waa

ழீ zI

Above 31+216 forms the 247 Tamil characters

To type Grantha Script

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_script

ஸ்ரீ sri

ஜ் j

ஷ் sh

ஸ் S

ஹ் h

க்ஷ் ksh

Zero Width Non Joiner in Tamil Phonetic Typing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner

ZWNJ will be needed in rare situations

E..g 1 (may be needed when typing some foreign language nouns)

If we want to have அஇ close to each other &

if we type ai it will give ஐ (combined character) and not அஇ (close but not combined)

So type a i (with space in between). Then use arrow key & delete key to erase the space

E..g 2 (may be needed when typing some tamil poetry)

If we want to have ள்இ close to each other &

if we type Li it will give ளி (combined character) and not ள்இ (close but not combined)

So type L i (with space in between). Then use arrow key & delete key to erase the space

}

idle3 - IDE for Python 3 - installs python3-tk also

{

Python 3.x Hello Program

#!/usr/bin/python

print ('Hello, Python!')

---

Note: Below is For Python 2.x Hello Program

#!/usr/bin/python

print "Hello, Python!";

}

inkscape - Coreldraw equivalent - Vector graphics editor - Good for poster preparation

k3b - CD / DVD writing (Select Dash > Terminal > sudo k3b - Else in Ubuntu 16.04.1, disc looks blank after successful burn)

kazam - screen casting tool - has more features than gtk-recordmydesktop

kdeconnect - to access android smart phone files from Ubuntu by pairing through WiFi / LAN - ring device to find - battery indicator - phone as keyboard

kdenlive - Qt based professional range video editor (pitivi uses Gstreamer whereas kdenlive uses FFMpeg) - export video as .gif

{

To Convert Audio File into mp4 Video With an Image

Modify Image Size if required >

Kdenlive >

Settings > Manage Project Profiles >

Create new profile icon >

Description > Profile1 >

Size > Picture width >

Picture height >

Frame rate > 1 / 1 (to get 1 fps) >

OK > Yes >

Project > Project Settings >

Video Profile > Profile > Profile1 > OK >

Continue >

Project > Add Clip >

Select both image file and audio file > Open >

Drag audio to Video track 1 >

Drag image to Video track 2 >

Drag image (Video track 2) length to match audio (Video track 1) length >

Render >

Render > Bitrate >

Video > 1 (reduces resulting file size a lot, when the image is bigger) >

Audio > As in Source Audio >

MPEG-4 > MPEG-4/MP3 >

Render to File

}

libav-tools - to support most audio video format

libc6-i386 - 32-bit (run time environment) version of the library for multiarch 64-bit Ubuntu 16.04

{

Else - No such file or directory? - Message appears while running softwares like Cyberoam client crclient in Terminal, though file exists

Note:

dpkg --print-architecture

will give below output in a 64-bit Ubuntu

amd64

dpkg --print-foreign-architectures

should give output

i386

If above output is not got, then run below commands

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

sudo apt-get update -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

}

libcurl4-gnutls-dev - needed to download packages properly in R (R has packages RCurl, curl)

libreoffice - equivalent to MsOffice (includes writer, calc, impress, draw, base, math, etc..)

libsane-common - for better scanner support

libsane-extras - for better scanner support

light-themes - GTK3+ Theme for Ubuntu GNOME

{

Super (Windows) Key > Tweak Tool > Appearance > GTK+ Theme > Ambiance

Above Gives Dark Color Title Bar in Windows with Orange Close Button

}

lsb - needed to install Epson Printer Utility

lximage-qt - Qt based LXQt fast image viewer (preferable for less resource computers)

mc - midnight commander command line based / terminal / CUI powerful fast file manager with local, sftp (username@ipaddress), ftp & mouse support

(

has mouse support

Options > Panel options... > Deselect > Show backup files > Show hidden files > Ok

Options > Save setup

Unlike nano, inbuilt editor, mcedit has no shared clipboard support

For navigation - use up arrow, down arrow, page up, page down, Home, End

To move to Parent folder - Ctrl + PageUp

For multiple select - use shift + up / down arrow

F3 - Opens the current file in mcedit (text editor with mouse support, but no shared clipboard feature like nano)

F4 - Opens the current file in default text editor (nano)

Enter - Opens the current file using the associated application (if folder, enters into the folder)

To change file association use Files (nautilus) - Right click over a particular extension file > Properties > Open with > Specific application > Set as default > Reopen mc

Ctrl

Alt (+ Shift) + H - show directory history

Alt (+ Shift) + S - quick incremental find for file / folder

Alt (+ Shift) + ? - find dialog box with more options

(Shift +) + - Select - Select dialog box appears > Type * and press enter to Select All

- (minus and not underscore) - Unselect - Unselect dialog box appears > Type * and press enter to Unselect All

)

menulibre - menu editor to create launcher icons in Dash

mkvtoolnix-gui - to create, split, join, alter .mkv files - includes mkvmerge, mkvinfo, mkvextract, mkvpropedit, ...

nautilus-gtkhash - GUI to check md5sum, etc... (After installing, right click any file and select Properties, Digests, Hash )

ocrfeeder - OCR suite - auto recognize layout with manual resize - selection as images or text - edit text, then export to .odt - tesseract-ocr-tam like gimagereader

p7zip-rar - .rar decompressing module of p7zip-full (installs p7zip-full also. p7zip-full is memory-hungry but has good compression ratio and fast decompression)

{

Advantage of .xz Compression File Format - Checked Using Ubuntu 16.04.1

(Based on File Type, Results May Vary)

example.qcow2 - 7.8 GB

example.qcow2.gz - 4.3 GB

example.qcow2.xz - 3.4 GB

example.qcow2.7z - 3.2 GB

Note:

Both .7z & .xz Incorporates LZMA/LZMA2 Compression Algorithms

But .7z lacks support for Unix-like file system metadata / permissions

.xz is being used by

Debian, openSUSE, Fedora, GNOME, TeX Live, Linux kernel.org files

}

pcmanfm-qt - Qt based LXQt fast file manager (preferable for less resource computers)

pdfshuffler - To merge, split, rotate, add, delete pages in pdf files with an user friendly GUI

pingus - game - lemmings like puzzle game - guide penguins to safety through obstacles

printer-driver-all - more printer drivers

printer-driver-cups-pdf - virtual paperless printer

qt-sdk - Powerful easy IDE to develop pure C++ / pure C (as C++ is backward compatible) / Qt based c++ GUI programs

r-base - R Statistical Software

{

For Latest R Statistical Software

Use the command

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

and add the below line

deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/

(above for Ubuntu 18.04)

sudo apt-get update -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true

sudo apt-get install r-base r-base-core r-doc-html r-doc-info r-doc-pdf libjpeg62

For More Information:

https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html >

Any mirror > Download R for Linux >

ubuntu > README.html

}

remmina - remote desktop client (use VNC protocol in the client to connect with vino VNC server )

sane - for better scanner support

sane-utils - for better scanner support

scorched3d - LAN game - 3D artillery game like worms game and scorched earth game

screenkey - to display keys pressed / jammed keys

{

To Find keycode, keysymbol, Unicode of a Key Pressed

Terminal >

xev

Examples

Pressing a, gives lot of output along with

keycode 38 (keysym 0x61, a)

Where

38 is the keycode of a

a is the keysymbol of a

0x61 is the Unicode of a

-

Pressing Tab, gives lot of output along with

keycode 23 (keysym 0xff09, Tab)

Where

23 is the keycode of Tab

Tab is the keysymbol of Tab

0xff09 is the Unicode of Tab

---

To Display all Keycode Values Currently Mapped

Terminal >

xmodmap -pke

---

To Disable a Key Using its Keycode (Example Tab)

Terminal >

xmodmap -e 'keycode 23 = '

---

To Map Tab Key with a (Using keycode & keysymbol)

Terminal >

xmodmap -e 'keycode 23 = a'

---

To Map Tab Key with a (Using keycode & Unicode)

Terminal >

xmodmap -e 'keycode 23 = 0x61'

}

skanlite - scanning software - supports more scanner models

smplayer - Nice GUI of mplayer. Can play some videos where VLC find it difficult and vice versa

soundconverter - to convert audio file formats like from .m4a to .mp3

speedtest-cli - CUI (Command line / Terminal Based Interface) for testing internet bandwidth using speedtest.net

supertux - game - super mario like jump and run game

supertuxkart - LAN game - 3D mini car racing

synaptic - Installed in Step C01

ubuntu-wallpapers

ubuntu-wallpapers-karmic

ubuntu-wallpapers-lucid

ubuntu-wallpapers-maverick

ubuntu-wallpapers-natty

ubuntu-wallpapers-oneiric

ubuntu-wallpapers-precise

ubuntu-wallpapers-quantal

ubuntu-wallpapers-raring

ubuntu-wallpapers-saucy

ubuntu-wallpapers-trusty

ubuntu-wallpapers-utopic

ubuntu-wallpapers-vivid

ubuntu-wallpapers-wily

ubuntu-wallpapers-xenial

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-saucy

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-trusty

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-utopic

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-vivid

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-wily

ubuntukylin-wallpapers-xenial

ubuntustudio-wallpapers

unrar - to avoid "Parsing Filters not supported" message while handling .rar file

util-linux - includes important commands like lscpu

{

lscpu

64-bit CPU Computers capable of running 32-bit OS & 64-bit OS will display

CPU op-mode(s) : 32-bit, 64-bit

32-bit CPU Computers capable of running 32-bit OS alone will display

CPU op-mode(s) : 32-bit

}

virt-manager - VirtualBox Equivalent - Virtual Machine Manager

{

qemu-system - virt-manager needs this to create system locally

qemu-utils - Tools like qemu-img

{

To Get Information of a .qcow2 Disk File

qemu-img info imagein.qcow2

---------

To Shrink a .qcow2 Disk File to the Size of Actual Data Stored in it

Step 1A: Fill Free Space With Zero of Windows Guest

Boot Into Windows Guest

Defragment The Partitions First

Download SDelete.exe and save it in

C:\windows\system32\

sdelete -z

Below Command Instead of Above, if More Than 1 Partion Exists

sdelete -z d:

Step 1B: Fill Free Space With Zero of Linux Guest

Boot Into Linux Guest

dd if=/dev/zero of=/mytempfile

rm -f /mytempfile

Step 2: Shrinking the .qcow2 Disk File

Shut Down Guest & From Linux Host

qemu-img convert -O qcow2 imagein.qcow2 imageout.qcow2

--------

To Expand .qcow2 Disk File (by 20GB)

Step 1: Expanding the Drive Size

Shut Down Guest & From Linux Host

qemu-img resize image.qcow2 +20G

Step 2: Expanding the Partitions

Link an Ubuntu Bootable .iso

With the Virtual Machine

Having the image.qcow2 Disk

Change Boot Order & Boot From .iso

GParted > Create or Expand Partition in the Free Space

-----------

To Mount & Edit Content of a .qcow2 Disk File

sudo modprobe nbd

sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 image.qcow2

Manage (Create, Mount, ...) Partitions Using Disks

sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

-----------

To convert VirtualBox .vdi File into Virt-Manager / KVM .qcow2 File

qemu-img convert -f vdi -O qcow2 example.vdi example.qcow2

}

qemu-kvm - virt-manager needs this to show Hypervisor (Virt Type) as KVM instead of qemu

(if hardware virtualization is supported)

virt-clone - CUI tool to clone existing inactive guests with disk images with new name, UUID and MAC address

virt-convert - CUI tool to convert virtual machines between formats

---

64-bit Host Can Run 64-bit Guests

(With or Without Hardware Virtualization)

In VirtualBox, 64-bit Host Needs Hardware Virtualization to Run 64-bit Guest

---

To Check Whether

CPU Supports KVM extensions / Hardware Virtualization

Enabled in BIOS or Not

(Run below command, after installing qemu-kvm)

kvm-ok

---

64-bit Host Can Run 32-bit and 64-bit Guests

32-bit Host Can Run Only 32-bit guests

virt-manager acts like a Type-1 Hypervisor due to Linux's KVM and hence can expect better performance

File formats supported - .vdi, .img, .vmdk, .qcow2, .iso, ...

To release pointer to host

(Left) Ctrl + (Left) Alt

All image files are stored in /var/lib/libvirt/images/ by default

Dukto, Internet Works Inside Windows Guest Automatically

--- Windows 7 As Guest OS

To Get Full Size Screen in Windows Guest

Select View > Scale Display > Always & Select View >

Resize to VM > Increase Screen Resolution in Windows

Or Increase Windows (Guest) Resolution

---

To access USB drive / device

Boot Into Windows Guest

Virtual Machine Manager > Redirect USB device >

Select USB devices for redirection dialog box appears >

Select > OK >

USB drive appears in File Explorer

--- Turnkey LAMP 14.1 (Debian Based) As Guest OS

turnkey-lamp-14.1-jessie-amd64.vmdk

During first boot it allows to type

root password >

mysql root password > Apply >

Skip (Email) >

Skip (Security Updates)

Screen Appears With Below Details With Assigned IP Appears

Opens with Link To Web Shell, Webmin, Adminer

http://<ip>

https://<ip>

Web Shell

https://<ip>:12320

Webmin

https://<ip>:12321

Adminer

https://<ip>:12322

SSH/SFTP

root@https://<ip> (port 22)

---Turnkey Moodle Working (Similar to Above)

}

vlc - VideoLan video player. Can play some videos where smplayer find it difficult and vice versa

{

To play in 2D a left/right half width 1920 x 1080 3D video of aspect ratio = 1920/1080 = 1.77 = 16/9 = 16:9

VLC > Tools > Preferences > Show settings > All >

Video > Scroll > Source aspect ratio > Aspect ratio with width doubled > 32:9 >

Save > Media > Quit (VLC) >

Open the video in VLC > Pause > Tools > Effects and Filters >

Video Effects > Crop > Left > 960 (Half of width 1920) > Close > Play

}

{

To play in 2D a top/bottom half height 1920 x 1080 3D video of aspect ratio = 1920/1080 = 1.77 = 16/9 = 16:9

Follow above procedure,

but aspect ratio with height doubled > 16:18 and

Crop > Bottom > 540 (Half of height 1080)

}

warmux - LAN game - 2D turn-based artillery game like worms game and scorched earth game

winff - media (audio, video) convertor

{

handbrake and winff reencodes in contrast to mkvtoolnix-gui (mkvmerge) and avidemux

handbrake uses gstreamer

winff uses FFmpeg

libavcodec-extra-54 replaces libavcodec54

But libavcodec-extra-54 makes opencv stop working though supports more formats

}

xournal - can be used for note taking & also annotate pdf files (can export with annotation to pdf file unlike okular)

xprintidle - Installed in Step C02

xsane - supports many scanner (& network scanner)

{

OCR and lot of features

Window > Show histogram > Deselect

Window > Show standard options > Deselect

To avoid dull background of scanned white background letters use Gray instead of Color

}

yuyo-gtk-theme - GTK3+ Theme for Ubuntu GNOME

{

Green Color Ubuntu MATE Official Theme

Installs ubuntu-mate-icon-themes Also

Super (Windows) Key > Tweak Tool > Appearance > Icons > Ambiant-MATE

Above Gives files / folders Radiant-MATE green color icons

}

Note1 : Below packages not included in above list, as they comes by default with Ubuntu GNOME 16.04.2

cheese - Webcam handling

dbus - dbus includes dbus-send - to shutdown from terminal without sudo use below command

{

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 /org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true

}

dconf-editor - To sort directories first in Files in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04.2

(

Super (Windows) Key > dconf Editor > org > gnome > nautilus > preferences > sort-directories-first

)

dconf-service - Low-level key/value database which stores desktop environment settings

{

To Reset Ubuntu Gnome Desktop to Default Settings

Open > Terminal >

dconf reset -f /

}

gnome-tweak-tool - GNOME Tweak Tool

{

To Change Appearance of Windows, ...

Super (Windows) Key > Tweak Tool > Appearance > GTK+ Theme > (Example: Ambiance)

---

To Change Appearance of Icons, ...

Super (Windows) Key > Tweak Tool > Appearance > Icons > (Example: Ambiant-MATE)

---

(Optional) For Older Laptops, To Make Ubuntu GNOME Work Faster

Dash > Tweak Tool > Appearance > Enable animations > OFF

---

(Optional) For Small Screen Laptops, To Change The Size of Text, Etc... of Entire Screen of Ubuntu GNOME Shell

Super (Windows) Key > Tweak Tool > Fonts > Scaling Factor >

---

To Install Dash to Dock Gnome Shell Extension in Ubuntu 16.04.3

Step 1:

PAJANCOA Intranet Users Can Download Dash to Dock .zip File From

http://10.0.0.2/~softwares/Ubuntu 16.04/dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com.u16.04.3.shell.18.60.zip

Note:

Other Than PAJANCOA Intranet Users, Can Download the Latest Version Dash to Dock .zip File Given for the Gnome Shell 3.18 From

https://micheleg.github.io/dash-to-dock/releases.html

Step 2:

Dash > Tweak Tool (gnome-tweak-tool) > Extensions >

Install Shell Extension > None Button > Select the Downloaded Dash to Dock .zip File > Open

Restart Computer

Step 3:

Dash > Tweak Tool (gnome-tweak-tool) > Extensions > Dash to Dock > ON

Note:

(To Check the Gnome Shell Version, Command in Terminal is > gnome-shell --version )

}

gnome-user-share - Terminal > gnome-file-share-properties - Opens Personal File Sharing Preferences

libreoffice-pdfimport - to import pdf files into libreoffice

nano - terminal based text editor - copy / paste across shared clipboard works (unlike mc inbuilt editor mcedit)

nautilus - file manager (Files)

{

To Create Files (Empty or With Content) Using Context (Right Click) Menu of

Files (nautilus) in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04

Step 1:

Create a Folder

$HOME/Templates/

if Not Existing Already

---

Step 2:

Create (Empty or With Content) Files Using Appropriate Software & Copy The Files Inside

$HOME/Templates/

Example

new.txt

new.odt

new.docx

letterpad.docx

new.xlsx

new.pptx

---

Step 3:

Terminal >

gedit $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs

Ensure the Presence of Below Line. Modify if Needed

XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates/"

Save.Close.

Restart Computer.

---

Step 4:

Files > Right Click Over Blank Area > Context Menu > New Document > Sub Menu Appears with Filenames from $HOME/Templates/ Folder. Select one

A Copy of the Selected File From $HOME/Templates/ Folder Will Be Created in the Current Folder

}

ubuntu-gnome-desktop - GNOME Desktop

{

To Switch Between Display (Login) Managers (gdm3 & lightdm)

To Know the Display Manager Currently in Use

cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager

---

To Use the gdm3 (GNOME default) as Display (Login) Manager

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

Note:

In Ubuntu 16.04.1

due to a bug,

autologin won't work

if gdm3 is used.

Hence, better

stick on with

lightdm

---

To Use lightdm (Unity default) as Display (Login) Manager

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Note: Should Restart To Get Effected

}

vino - VNC server (use VNC protocol in the client to connect)

{

Desktop Sharing (vino Server) Not Working in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 - Solution

Step 1: To Enable Desktop Sharing (vino Server)

dcof Editor > org > gnome >

desktop > remote-access >

enabled > Select

Step 2: To Start Desktop Sharing (vino Server)

Terminal >

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server

Step 3: To Change Settings of Desktop Sharing (vino Server)

Legacy Icon Bar (Screen Bottom Left) > Desktop Sharing Icon > Preferences

}

Installation method of 32-bit Office 2007 using wine in 64-bit Ubuntu 16.04

(Office 2010 can also be installed using this method)

Step 1: Install Below Packages Using Synaptic Package Manager, if not already installed

libgl1-mesa-dev

libgl1-mesa-glx

libnss-winbind

libpam-winbind

mesa-utils

mesa-utils-extra

wine

winbind

winetricks

wine-mono (optional)

{

ttf-mscorefonts-installer - unmark this - if forget, at the time of asking agree, don't select agree; just click Forward, Forward

gnome-exe-thumbnailer - unmark this - shows thumbnail (icon) for windows .exe (slows nautilus heavily if big .exe files exist)

}

---

Step 2: Open > Terminal > Run (Copy, Paste & press Enter) these 8 commands 1 by 1 - Don't worry even if not found error message comes)

sudo rm /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so

sudo rm /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so

---

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so

---

rm $HOME/.wine -rf

rm $HOME/.cache/winetricks -rf

rm $HOME/.local/share/applications/* -rf

Restart Computer

---

Step 3: By default on 64-bit Ubuntu, wine emulates Windows 64-bit. To emulate 32-bit, run (Copy, Paste) the below 2 commands in Terminal

export WINEARCH=win32

export WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.wine winecfg

Open > Terminal > Run the below command (Don't run directly from Dash)

winetricks

Winetricks window opens >

May ask for permission to send statistics > No > OK

Open Files > $HOME folder > View > Show Hidden Files

---

Step 4: If you have msxml6_x86.msi & dotnetfx.exe files or if you the installing computer has Internet, this step can be skipped

(as winetricks can do this automatically)

Download msxml6_x86.msi from the below link

http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/a/f/eafb8ee7-667d-4e30-bb39-4694b5b3006f/msxml6_x86.msi

and copy it into

$HOME/.cache/winetricks/msxml6/msxml6_x86.msi

by creating folder msxml6, if needed

---

Download dotnetfx.exe from the below link

http://filehippo.com/de/download_dotnet_framework_2/496/

or

http://filehippo.com/de/download_dotnet_framework_2/download/782818253e6ea8b9bee8b9aa69638ce1/

and copy it into

$HOME/.cache/winetricks/dotnet20/dotnetfx.exe

by creating folder dotnet20, if needed

---

Step 5: Installing msxml6 & dotnet20 through winetricks

Select the default wineprefix > OK

If winetricks window, asks for help to report statistics > No > Ok

Install a Windows DLL or component > Ok >

dotnet20 > msxml6 > OK >

If Working around wine bug ... message window appears > Ok

Follow instructions (type Name, Company if asked) that appear in the screen (mostly "I agree" & "Next") to complete installation of dotnet20 & msxml6

Close Winetricks by selecting Cancel > Cancel

---

Step 6: winecfg

Open > Terminal > Run the below command >

winecfg > Libraries > New override for library > riched20 > Add > usp10 > Add > OK

(riched20 needed for Powerpoint to open properly)

(usp10 needed for Tamil/Unicode fonts to display properly

(*msxml6 will already be there due to winetricks step)

Step 7: Installing Office 2007 Using setup.exe

Keep installation files of Office inside $HOME/office/

Open > Terminal > Run the below command

sudo chmod 777 $HOME/office --recursive

Open $HOME/office/ folder > Right click over setup.exe > Open With Wine Windows Program Loader

Type or copy / paste 25-character > Continue > I accept ... > Continue >

Customize > Microsoft Office > Run all from My Computer > Install Now

After installation is over

Step 8: When Opening Word First Time

Username dialog box opens > OK >

Welcome to the 2007 Microsoft Office System (Privacy Options) Opens > Deselect all > Next >

Welcome to the 2007 Microsoft Office System (Sign up for Microsoft Update) Opens > Select > I don't want ... (suggestion) > Finish

---

Step 9: To Associate .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx With Office Softwares

Open > Word 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Doc1.docx Created

Office Button > Save As > Word 97-2003 Document > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Doc1.doc Created

Close Word 2007

---

Open > Excel 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Book1.xlsx Created

Office Button > Save As > Excel 97-2003 Workbook > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Book1.xls Created

Close Excel 2007

---

Open > PowerPoint 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Presentation1.pptx Created

Office Button > Save As > PowerPoint 97-2003 Presentation > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Presentation1.ppt Created

Close PowerPoint 2007

---

Open > Files ($HOME Folder) >

Right Click Over > Doc1.docx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Word > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Doc1.doc > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Word > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Book1.xlsx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Excel > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Book1.xls > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Excel > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Presentation1.pptx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office PowerPoint > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Presentation1.ppt > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office PowerPoint > Set as default > Close

(Testing) Installation method of 32-bit Office 2013 using wine in 64-bit Ubuntu 18.04

Step 1: Install Below Packages Using Synaptic Package Manager, if not already installed

libgl1-mesa-dev

libgl1-mesa-glx

libnss-winbind

libpam-winbind

mesa-utils

mesa-utils-extra

wine-stable

{

Installs wine-stable-3.0-1ubuntu1

Installs wine64 also

Ubuntu 16.10 to 18.04 have wine-stable.

Earlier versions have wine package & no wine-stable.

Later versions mostly will have wine package again.

}

winbind

winetricks

---

Step 2: Open > Terminal > Run (Copy, Paste & press Enter) these commands 1 by 1 - Don't worry even if not found error message comes)

sudo rm /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so

---

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so

---

rm $HOME/.wine -rf

rm $HOME/.cache/winetricks -rf

rm $HOME/.local/share/applications/* -rf

Restart Computer

---

Step 3: By default on 64-bit Ubuntu, wine emulates Windows 64-bit. To emulate 32-bit, run (Copy, Paste) the below 2 commands in Terminal

export WINEARCH=win32

export WINEPREFIX=$HOME/.wine winecfg

Open > Terminal > Run the below command (Don't run directly from Dash)

winetricks

One-time question about helping Winetricks development >

Would you like to help winetricks development by letting winetricks report statistics ? You can reporting off at any time with the command 'winetricks --optout' >

Yes >

Winetricks window opens

---

Step 4: Running Regedit through winetricks

Run regedit > OK >

My Computer > HKEY_CURRENT_USER > Software > Wine >

New > Key > Direct3D >

New > DWORD value > MaxVersionGL >

MaxVersionGL > Modify >

Hex Value Data > 30002 >

Close Regedit >

Close Winetricks by selecting Cancel > Cancel

---

Step 5: winecfg

Open > Terminal > Run the below command >

winecfg > Libraries > New override for library > riched20 > Add > usp10 > Add > OK

(riched20 needed for Powerpoint to open properly)

(usp10 needed for Tamil/Unicode fonts to display properly

(*msxml6 will already be there due to winetricks step)

Step 6: Giving executable permissions to setup.exe & files along with it

Keep installation files of Office inside $HOME/office/

Open > Terminal > Run the below command

sudo chmod 777 $HOME/office --recursive

Step 7: To Bring "Open with Wine Windows Program Loader" When Right Clicking .exe File

Open > Terminal > Run the below command

cp /usr/share/doc/wine-stable/examples/wine.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Restart computer

---

Open $HOME/office/ folder > Right click over setup.exe > Open With Wine Windows Program Loader

No custom installed allowed as menu for packages while installing not working

After installation is over

Step 8: When Opening First Time

Open Word 2013 >

First things first > Ask me later > Accept

Welcome to your new Office > Next >

Sign in and get the most out of Office >

No thanks, may be later.

Meet SkyDrive > Next > All done

---

Word 2013 Working

{

Including

Spell check Red underline

Equation

Symbol

WordArt

}

---

Excel 2013 Working (including Data Analysis Addin)

---

Open Powerpoint 2013 >

Configuration Progress Window Appears

(every time when Powerpoint 2013 opens)

In order to complete setup, a system reboot is necessary.

Would you like to reboot now ? > No

Powerpoint 2013 Opens and working

---

Access 2013 Working

---

Step 9: To Associate .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx With Office Softwares

Open > Word 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Doc1.docx Created

Office Button > Save As > Word 97-2003 Document > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Doc1.doc Created

Close Word 2007

---

Open > Excel 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Book1.xlsx Created

Office Button > Save As > Excel 97-2003 Workbook > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Book1.xls Created

Close Excel 2007

---

Open > PowerPoint 2007 >

Office Button > Save > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Presentation1.pptx Created

Office Button > Save As > PowerPoint 97-2003 Presentation > Save As Dialog Box Opens > Save > Presentation1.ppt Created

Close PowerPoint 2007

---

Open > Files ($HOME Folder) >

Right Click Over > Doc1.docx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Word > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Doc1.doc > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Word > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Book1.xlsx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Excel > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Book1.xls > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office Excel > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Presentation1.pptx > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office PowerPoint > Set as default > Close

Right Click Over > Presentation1.ppt > Menu Appears > Properties > Open With > Microsoft Office PowerPoint > Set as default > Close

To Have Separate Word Excel Powerpoint 2013 SafeMode Launcher in Dash To Open Some Files Which Crashes in Normal Mode

(Can Also Be Used To Create Word Excel Powerpoint Launchers [Should Not Use /safe], If By Mistake $HOME/.local/share/applications/ Folder is Deleted)

Run the below command in Terminal. Copy the next 5 lines into the file. Save & Quit

gedit $HOME/.local/share/applications/word2013safe.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Name=Microsoft Word 2013 SafeMode

Exec=wine "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/Office15/winword.exe" /safe

Type=Application

Icon=0575_wordicon.0

Run the below command in Terminal. Copy the next 5 lines into the file. Save & Quit

gedit $HOME/.local/share/applications/excel2013safe.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Name=Microsoft Excel 2013 SafeMode

Exec=wine "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/Office15/excel.exe" /safe

Type=Application

Icon=284C_xlicons.0

Run the below command in Terminal. Copy the next 5 lines into the file. Save & Quit

gedit $HOME/.local/share/applications/powerpoint2013safe.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Name=Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 SafeMode

Exec=wine "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/Office15/powerpnt.exe" /safe

Type=Application

Icon=1CE1_pptico.0

Run the below command in Terminal. Copy the next 5 lines into the file. Save & Quit

gedit $HOME/.local/share/applications/access2013safe.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Name=Microsoft Access 2013 SafeMode

Exec=wine "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/Office15/msaccess.exe" /safe

Type=Application

Icon=CE2A_accicons.0

Dash > Terminal > Run the below 4 commands

chmod 777 $HOME/.local/share/applications/word2013safe.desktop

chmod 777 $HOME/.local/share/applications/excel2013safe.desktop

chmod 777 $HOME/.local/share/applications/powerpoint2013safe.desktop

chmod 777 $HOME/.local/share/applications/access2013safe.desktop

To access D, W drive easily from Office Save dialog boxes While Opened in Safe Mode

Dash > Terminal > Run Below Command

ln -s /media $HOME/M

Now the $HOME folder (My Documents from Office dialog boxes) will have M drive, within which username folder, within which all mounted drives

Restart Computer

---

Note 1:

Word 2010 Software Crashes If We Try To Save a New File in a Folder in NTFS Partition /

Can't Open a File in a Folder in NTFS Partition by Right Click & Open - Wine of Ubuntu 14.04.1 - Solution