last modified June 22, 2016
by Henry Kuska
retired, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron
Ph.D., Physical Chemistry
This page gives the information that I have collected from my own literature searches and from others posting on the internet. Please let me know if you feel anything is not clear or is not addressed at all as I am continually updating/modifying it as I get feedback.
Bold print in quotes does not mean that the bold print appeared in the original; the bold print was added by me (H. Kuska) for emphasis. Information in color indicates that a link is present for further information.
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Title: "First Report of Mosaic Disease caused by Tomato ringspot virus on rose and almond plants in Iran"
Authors: M. SATTARY, F. Rakhshandehroo, and J. Mozaffari
Published in: Journal of Plant Pathology 2015 Vol. 97 No. 2 pp. 393
Abstract: "During the 2012 growing season, samples were collected from five rose plantations and five almond orchards in the Fars province (Iran) showing virus-like symptoms such as line-pattern, wrinkling, malformation and chlorotic spots on the leaves. A total of 50 rose and 50 almond leaf samples were tested for the presence of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) by DAS-ELISA and DBIA using a polyclonal antiserum (Agdia, USA). ToRSV was detected in 22% of the roses and in 10% of almond trees, whereas ArMV and TRSV were not detected in any of the tested samples. ELISA-positive rose and almond samples used for mechanical inoculation of herbaceous hosts yielded necrotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, systemic mosaic and mottling on Cucumis sativus, and systemic rugosity on Phaseolus vulgaris. ToRSV was also detected by RT-PCR using the primers ToRS2Vf/ ToRS2Vr (Stewart et al., 2007) and a DNA fragment with expected size ca. 330 bp was amplified from all serologically-positive rose, almond and infected herbaceous plants but not from the apparently healthy ones. Tospoviruses (Ghotbi and Shahraeen, 2012) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (Rakhshandehroo et al., 2006) have previously been found in roses in Iran, which might explain some of the symptoms observed in plants that were ToRSV- negative in ELISA. ArMV, previously found in roses in Iran (Rakhshandehroo et al., 2006), was not detected during this study. ToRSV, which occurs in apple, eggplant, grapevines and pepper in Iran (Moini, 2010; Sokhansanj et al., 2012) has now been found in almond and rose.
http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/3357
AND (for download)
http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/download/3357/2027
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Has it been found in the U.S.? Many/most U.S. gardeners see a virused rose and call it rose mosaic virus. The term Rose Mosaic Virus is not an actual virus name. It is a group name for viruses that give mosaic symptoms on roses. See the discussion of which rose viruses give mosaic symptoms later on this page. To determine which virus is giving the observed mosaic symptoms, the diseased rose must be tested (as was done in the above paper.).
Back to whether it exists in roses in the U.S. There was an early (1962) paper that reported tomato ringspot virus infection in U.S. roses (Google Scholar does not reach back that far. More recent papers questioned the 1962 results.)
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=%22TOMATO+ringspot+virus%22+roses&hl=en&as_sdt=0,36
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Literature example of which viruses give mosaic symptoms.
"Title: Roses: virus and virus-like diseases.
Author: Lisa-V
Published in: Colture-Protette. 1998, 27: 5 Supplement, 35-38; 14 ref.
Language of article: Italian
Abstract: "Notes are given on the viruses and virus-like diseases that are known to affect roses around the world. The most common and widespread virus disease is rose mosaic, associated especially with prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV), apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV) and strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus (SLRV), but also with tobacco ringspot nepovirus, tobacco streak ilarvius and tomato ringspot nepovirus. Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus and an unidentified closterovirus are found sporadically. The virus-like diseases of unknown aetiology include rose ring pattern, rose flower break, rose streak, rose rosette (or rose witches' broom), rose leaf curl, rose spring dwarf and rose wilt. Other disorders are caused by hormonal imbalances or other types of incompatibility between the graft and the rootstock of unknown aetiology, such as rose bud proliferation, rose dieback (or rose stunt) and frisure. Techniques for diagnosing viruses in roses and methods for their control are described."
http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19981005603.html
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The name given to a virus can be misleading. the name given is mainly of historical interest and does not indicate the wide range of plants that that virus can infect. For example, Tomato Ringspot Virus can infect many types of weeds (including dandelion).
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TRANSMISSION.
Tomato ringspot virus is in the genus Nepovirus which normally are considered to be nematode transmitted viruses. However there are instances where tomato ringspot virus transmission is thought to be more complex:
"Transmitted by a vector; a nematode (and also, non-specifically by insects and mites - Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Melanopus sp. Epitrix hirtipennis, Thrips tabaci (possibly nymphs) and Tetranychus sp.); Xiphinema americanum; Dorylamidae. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed; transmitted by pollen to the seed."
http://pvo.bio-mirror.cn/descr809.htm
Note, the above are possible modes of transmission based on observation with other plants, the actual mode of transmission in roses has not been determined.
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It has been reported that there can be considerable genetic divergences in the nucleotide sequence identity of this virus.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00705-016-2775-1
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My other rose virus sites can be reached from the following index page: