A) Local Constrast Methods (LCM) (53 papers)
S. Kim, Y. Yang, J. Lee, Y. Park, “Small target detection utilizing robust methods of the human visual system for IRST", Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Volume 30, No. 9, pages 994-1011, 2009.
S. Kim, J. Lee, "Scale invariant small target detection by optimizing signal-to-clutter ratio in heterogeneous background for infrared search and track", Pattern Recognition, Volume 45, pages 393-406, 2012.
X. Wang, G. Lv, L. Xu, "Infrared dim target detection based on visual attention", Infrared Physics and Technology, Volume 55, pages 513–521, 2012.
C. Chen, H. Li, Y. Wei, T. Xia, Y. Tang, "A Local Contrast Method for Small Infrared Target Detection", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Volume 52, pages 574–581, 2014.
J. Han, J. Ma, B. Zhou, F. Fan, K. Liang, Y. Fang, "A Robust Infrared Small Target Detection Algorithm based on Human Visual System", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Volume 11, pages 2168–2172, 2014.
X. Dong, X. Huang, Y. Zheng, L. Shen, S. Bai, "Infrared dim and small target detecting and tracking method inspired by Human Visual System", Infrared Physics and Technology, Volume 62, pages 100-109, 2014.
J. Han, Y. Ma, B. Zhou, F. Fan, K. Liang, Y. Fang, “A robust infrared small target detection algorithm based on human visual system", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 11, No. 12, pages 2168–2172, 2014.
S. Kim, S. Sun, K. Kim, “Highly efficient supersonic small infrared target detection using temporal contrast filter", Electronics Letters, Volume 50, No. 2, pages 81-83, 2014.
J. Han, Y. Ma, J. Huang, X. Mei, J. Ma, “An infrared small target detecting algorithm based on human visual system", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 13, No. 3, pages 452–456, 2016.
J. Han, K. Liang, B. Zhou, X. Zhu, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, "Infrared Small Target Detection utilizing the Multiscale Relative Local Contrast Measure", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Volume 15, pages 612–616, 2018.
Y. Wei, X. You, H. Li, "Multiscale patch-based contrast measure for small infrared target detection", Pattern Recognition, Volume 58, pages 216–226, 2016.
H. Deng, X. Sun, M. Liu, C. Ye, X. Zhou, "Small Infrared Target Detection based on Weighted Local Difference Measure", IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 54, pages 4204-4214, 2016.
J. Gao, Y. Guo, Z. Lin, W. An, J. Li, "Robust Infrared Small Target Detection Using Multiscale Gray and Variance Difference Measures", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2018
Y. Qin, L. Bruzzone, C. Gao, B. Li, "Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Facet Kernel and Random Walker", IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 57, No. 9, pages 7104-7118, September 2019.
Y. Li, Y. Zhang, J. G. Yu, Y. Tan, J. Ma, “A novel spatiotemporal saliency approach for robust dim moving target detection from airborne infrared image sequences", Information Sciences, 2016.
J. Han, S. Moradi, I. Faramarzi, H. Zhang, Q. Zhao, X. Zhang, N. Li, “Infrared small target detection based on the weighted strengthened local contrast measure", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, pages 1-5, 2020.
J. Han, S. Moradi, I. Faramarzi, C. Liu, H. Zhang, Q. Zhao, "A Local Contrast Method for Infrared Small-Target Detection Utilizing a Tri-Layer Window", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 17, No. 10, pages 1822-1826, October 2020.
S. Moradi, P. Moallem, M. Sabahi, “Fast and robust small infrared target detection using absolute directional mean difference algorithm", Signal Processing, Volume 177, page 107727, 2020.
Z. Qiu, Y. Ma, F. Fan, J. Huang, M. Wu, "Adaptive Scale Patch-Based Contrast Measure for Dim and Small Infrared Target Detection", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2020.
C. Xia, X. Li, L. Zhao, R. Shu, "Infrared Small Target Detection based on Multiscale Local Contrast Measure Using Local Energy Factor", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 17, No. 1, pages 157-161, January 2020.
L. Zhang, Z. Lin, "Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Anisotropic Contrast Filter", IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP 2020, pages 70-73, Nanjing, China, 2020.
X. Guan, Z. Peng, S. Huang, Y. Chen, "Gaussian Scale-Space Enhanced Local Contrast Measure for Small Infrared Target Detection", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 17, No. 2, pages 327-331, February 2020.
R. Lu, X. Yang, W. Li, J. Fan, D. Li, X. Jing, "Robust Infrared Small Target Detection via Multidirectional Derivative-Based Weighted Contrast Measure", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2020.
X. Bai, Y. Bi, "Derivative Entropy-Based Contrast Measure for Infrared Small-Target Detection", IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 56, No. 4, pages 2452-2466, April 2018 .
Q. Li, J. Y. Nie, S. Qu, “A small target detection algorithm in infrared image by combing multi-response fusion and local contrast enhancement", Optik, pages 1-20, 2021.
J. Han, S. Moradi, I. Faramarzi, H. Zhang, Q. Zhao, X. Zhang, N. Li, “Infrared small target detection based on the weighted strengthened local contrast measure", IEEE Geosciece and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 18, No. 9, pages 670-1674, September 2021.
Z. Qiu, Y. Ma, F. Fan, J. Huang, M. Wu, X. Mei, “A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection”, Defence Technology, Volume 18, Issue 9, pages 1589-1601, 2022.
J. Wei, R. Chen, X. Zhang, H. Zhao, "Infrared small target detection algorithm based on entropy weighted multiscale local contrast", AOPC 2022, Beijing, China, 2022.
L. Ren, Z. Pan, Y. Ni, “Double layer local contrast measure and multi-directional gradient comparison for small infrared target detection”, Optik, Volume 258, 2022.
Y. Luo, X. Li, S.Chen, C. Xia, L. Zhao, "Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Improved Tri-Layer Window Local Contrast”, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2023, pages 6510-6513, Pasadena, USA, 2023.
C. Chen, R. Xia, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, "A Simplified Dual-Weighted Three-Layer Window Local Contrast Method for Infrared Small-Target Detection”, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 20, pages 1-5, 2023.
Y. Wang, L. Cao, K. Su, D. Dai, N. Li, D. Wu, “Infrared Moving Small Target Detection Based on Space–Time Combination in Complex Scenes”, MDPI Remote Sensing, 2023.
D. Zhou, X. Wang, "Research on High Robust Infrared Small Target Detection Method in Complex Background", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 20, pages 1-5, 2023.
Y. Shao, X. Kang, M. Ma, C. Chen, D. Wang, “Robust Infrared Small Target Detection with Multi-feature fusion”, Infrared Physics and Technology, 2023.
H. Sun, Q. Jin, J. Xu, L. Tang, “Infrared Small-Target Detection based on Multi-level Local Contrast Measure”, Procedia Computer Science, Volume 221, pages 549-556, 2023.
Z. Lu, Z.Huang, Q. Song, H. Ni, K. Bai, “Infrared small target detection based on joint local contrast measures”, Optik, Volume 273, February 2023.
Z. Hou, Z. Liu, J. Shen, J. Yan, Y. Zhang "A centre-scale sorting local contrast method for infrared small target detection", AOPC 2023, Beijing, China, 2023.
Y. Xi, Z. Zhou, Y. Jiang, L. Zhang, Y. Li, Z Wang, F. Tan, Q. Hou “Infrared moving small target detection based on and spatial-temporal local contrast under slow-moving cloud background”, Infrared Physics and Technology, Volume 134, 2023.
L. Liu, Y. Wei, Y. Wang, H. Yao, D. Chen, “Using Double-Layer Patch-Based Contrast for Infrared Small Target Detection”, MDPI Remote Sensing, 2023.
Y. Chen, H. Wang, Y. Pang, J. Han, E. Mou, E. Cao, “An Infrared Small Target Detection Method based on a Weighted Human Visual Comparison Mechanism for Safety Monitoring”, MDPI Remote Sensing, 2023.
J. Chen, Z. Zhu, H. Hu, L. Qiu, Z. Zheng, L. Dong, “Multi-Scale Local Contrast Fusion based on LOG in Infrared Small Target Detection”, MDPI Aerospace, 2023.
P. Ma, H. Wei, J. Sun, R. Tao, D. Pang, T. Shan, Z. Cai, Z. Liu, “A LOG Filter based Enhanced Local Contrast Algorithm to Detect Infrared Small Targets”, Acta Armamentarii, Volume 44, No. 4, pages 1041-1049, 2023.
Y. Xu, M. Wan, X. Zhang, J. Wu, Y. Chen, Q. Chen, G. Gu, "Infrared Small Target Detection based on Local Contrast-Weighted Multidirectional Derivative”, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 61, pages 1-16, 2023.
S. He, S. Pan, B. An, “Infrared small target detection based on variance difference weighted three-layer local contrast measure”, Infrared Physics and Technology, Volume 139, June 2024.
J. Yu, L. Li, X. Li, J. Jiao, X. Su, F. Chen, “Infrared moving small-target detection using strengthened spatial-temporal tri-layer local contrast method”, Infrared Physics and Technology, 2024.
Y. Jiang, Y. Xi, L. Zhang, Y. Wu, F. Tan, Q. Hou, "Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Local Contrast Measure with a Flexible Window”, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2024.
H. Zheng, X. Zong, "Joint Local Contrast and First-Order Directional Derivative Methods for Detecting Infrared Small Targets in Complex Backgrounds", IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems, 2025.
Y. Wang, S. Bai, W. Liang, R. Li, X. Liu, “Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Weighted Local Contrast Enhancement”, Infrared Physics and Technology, June 2025.
B) Global Constrast Methods (4 papers)
Y. Tang, K. Xiong, C. Wang, “Fast infrared small target detection based on global contrast measure using dilate operation", IEEE Geosciece and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 20, 2023.
Y. Tang, K. Xiong, C. Wang, "A Multiscale Global Contrast Measure for Small Infrared Target Detection”, International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP 2023, pages 120-125, Wuxi, China, 2023.
Y. Tang, K. Xiong, C. Wang, "Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Facet Kernel and Global Contrast Measure”, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Computing and Artificial Intelligence, CCCAI 2023, pages 164-169, Shanghai, China, 2023.
T. Xie, T. Shang, M. Zhang, W. Zhang, "An Improved Global Contrast Measure for Infrared Small Target Detection under Complex Background”, IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, ICAIBD 2023, pages 706-709 Chengdu, China, 2023.
C) Saliency (7 papers)
W. Tang, Y. Zheng, R. Lu, X. Huang, "A Novel Infrared Dim Small Target Detection Algorithm based on Frequency Domain Saliency", IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, IMCEC 2016, pages 1053–1057, 2016.
H. Tun, J. Zhao, C. Yuan, F. Wang, Y. Jie, “Infrared small target detection based on saliency and principal component analysis", Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Volume 29, No. 4, pages 303–306, 2010.
G. Zhangyuan, Y. Shuo, L. Jianxun, "Detection of infrared dim and small targets based on saliency and grayscale morphological reconstruction", Chinese Control Conference, CCC 2015, pages 3811-3815, Hangzhou, China, 2015.
W. Zhang, Z. Lian, "Infrared Dim-small Object Detection Algorithm Based on Saliency Map Combined with Target Motion Feature", IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing, PIC 2020, pages 75-79, Shanghai, China, 2020.
Z. Liu, J. He, Y. Zhang, T. Zhang, Z. Han, B. Liu, "Infrared Small Target Detection based on Saliency Guided Multi-Task Learning”, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2023, pages 3459-3463, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2023.
F. Chen, C. Bian, X. Meng, “Infrared small target detection using Homogeneity-weighted local patch saliency”, Infrared Physics and Technology, 2023.
Y. Wang, P. Jiang, N. Pan, "Infrared small target detection based on local significance and multiscale", Digital Signal Processing, Volume 155, December 2024.
D) Gradient Information (10 papers)
M. Wan, Y. Xu, Q. Huang, “Single frame infrared small target detection based on local gradient and directional curvature", SPIE Photonics Asia, Volume 11897, No. 7, page 118970, 2021.
X. Zhang, J. Ru, C. Wu, "Infrared Small Target Detection based on Gradient Correlation Filtering and Contrast Measurement”, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 61, pages 1-12, 2023.
X. Zhang, J. Ru, C. Wu, “A nonparametric regression-based multi-scale gradient correlation filtering method for infrared small target detection”, MDPI Electronics, 2023.
X. Fan, J. Li, L. Min, L. Feng, L. Yu, Z. Xu, “Dim and Small Target Detection Based on Energy Sensing of Local Multi-Directional Gradient Information”, MDPI Remote Sensing, 2023.
W. Shi, M. Chen, J. Zhang, "Dim and Small Target Detection Method via Gradient Features guided Local Contrast,", IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems, 2023.
J. Chen, L. Qiu, Z. Zhu, N. Sun, H. Huang, W. Lp, K. Yung, “An Adaptive Infrared Small-Target-Detection Fusion Algorithm based on Multiscale Local Gradient Contrast for Remote Sensing”, MDPI Micromachines, 2023.
L. Yang, T. Xie, M. Liu, M. Zhang, S. Qi, “Infrared Small–Target Detection under a Complex Background based on a Local Gradient Contrast Method”, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Volume 33, No. 1, pages 33-43, 2023.
Z. Huang, E. Zhao, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, X. Peng, Z. Yang, "Fast Detection of Infrared Small Target Based on Energy Difference and Structural Difference Measurement", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 20, pges 1-5, 2023.
Y. Zhang, Z. Li, A. Siddique, A. Azeem, W. Chen, H. Luo, "Multi-Directional Diffusion Difference Measure Approach for IR Small Target Detection", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2024.
L. Zhang, H. Yang, Q. Zheng, Y. Zhang, “Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Density Peak Search and Local Features”, IET Signal Processing, 2024.