Research

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SSRN

Published Articles:

1. Employment Restrictions on Resource Transferability and Value Appropriation from Employees (SSRN Version), with Natarajan Balasubramanian and Shotaro Yamaguchi. Strategic Management Journal. 

   • Formerly titled "Bundling Employment Restrictions and Value Appropriation from Employees."

2. Do firms value court enforceability of noncompete agreements? A revealed preference approach with Michael Lipsitz and Takuya Hiraiwa. Forthcoming at Review of Economics and Statistics.

3. Location-Specificity and Incentive Relocation Programs for Remote Workers (SSRN Version) , with Thomaz Teodorovicz and Prithwiraj Choudhury. Organization Science May 2024.

4. Reconciling Theories on Why Employees of Small Firms Are More Likely to Become Entrepreneurs (SSRN version) with Ben King, and Martin Ganco. Industrial and Corporate Change June 2023.

5. Subjective Beliefs about Contract Enforceability, with JJ Prescott, Updated July 2022. Forthcoming, Journal of Legal Studies.

6. Noncompete Agreements, Bargaining, and Wages: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (SSRN version), with Donna Rothstein. BLS Monthly Labor Review, June 2022.

7. Low Wage Workers and the Enforceability of Non-compete Agreements, (SSRN version) with Mike Lipsitz. Management Science 2022, 68 (1): 143-170.

   • Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 2020

   • Finalist, Best Paper Award for Academy of Management Careers Division

8. Noncompete Agreements in the US Labor Force (SSRN version), with JJ Prescott and Norman Bishara.  Journal of Law and Economics 2021, 64(1): 53-84.

9. Locked In? Noncompete Enforceability and the Careers of High Tech Workers (SSRN version), with Jin Woo Chang, Jagadeesh Sivadasan, Natarajan Balasubramanian, and Mariko Sakakibara. Journal of Human Resources, 2020: 1218-9931R1. 

   • Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 2016

   • Winner: 2016 Academy of Management Business, Policy, and Strategy Distinguished Paper Award

10. Binned Scatterplots: A Simple Tool to Make Empirical Research Easier and Better, (SSRN version) with Brent Goldfarb. Strategic Management Journal, 2020, 41: 2261– 2274.

11. The Behavioral Effects of (Unenforceable) Contracts (SSRN version), with JJ Prescott and Norman Bishara. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 2020, 36(3): 633-687. Formerly titled "Noncompetes and Employee Mobility."

    • Academy of Management  Best Paper Proceedings 2019 

    • Winner: 2019 Michael Driver Best Applied Paper Award,  Academy of Management Careers Division 

12. Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation (SSRN version), with Prithwiraj Choudhury and Rajshree Agarwal. Strategic Management Journal, 2020, 41:1381-1411. (Video abstract)

    • Winner: Best Conference Paper Award, Strategic Management Society 2019

    • Winner: Best Interdisciplinary Paper Award, Strategic Human Capital Interest Group at the Strategic Management Society 2019

13. Mobility Constraint Externalities (SSRN version), 2019, Organization Science, with Justin Frake and Rajshree Agarwal.

14. Consider This: Training, Wages, and the Enforceability of Covenants Not to Compete, (SSRN version) 2019, Industrial and Labor Relations Review (formerly titled "Training the Enemy? Firm-Sponsored Training and the Enforceability of Covenants Not to Compete"). 

15. Strategic Human Capital Management in the Context of Cross-Industry and Within-Industry Mobility Frictions,  (SSRN version) with Martin Ganco and Ben Campbell, Strategic Management Journal (2018).

16. Screening Spinouts? How Noncompete Enforceability Affects the Creation, Growth, and Survival of New Firms, (SSRN version) with Mariko Sakakibara and Natarajan Balasubramanian, Management Science (2017).

    • Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 2014 (1), 13238 ("Enforcing Covenants Not to Compete: The Lifecycle Impact on New Firms")

17. The Incomplete Noncompete Picture, with Norman Bishara,  Lewis & Clark Law Review 20: 497–546 (2016). 

    • Reprinted in Employment Law and Intellectual Property Law: Critical Concepts in Intellectual Property Law series, Edited by Ann L. Monotti, 2018.

18. Understanding Noncompetition Agreements: The 2014 Noncompete Survey Project,  with JJ Prescott and Norman Bishara, Michigan State Law Review 369-464 (2016).

Working Papers:

19. From Perfect to Practical: Partial Identification Methods for Causal Inference in Strategic Management Research, with Justin Frake, Anthony Gibbs, Brent Goldfarb, Takuya Hiraiwa, Shotaro Yamaguchi. Under Review following Revise and Resubmit at Strategic Management Journal.

20. Non-Disclosure Agreements and Externalities from Silence, with Jason Sockin and Aaron Sojourner. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 22-360. Updated January 2024. Under review. 

    • Strategy Science 2022 Conference Best Paper Award

21. We've Got You Covered: Employer and Employee Responses to Dobbs v. Jackson. with Pawel Adrjan, Svenja Gudell, Emily Nix, Allison Shrivastava, and Jason Sockin. IZA DP No. 16360. Under Review.

22. Can You Keep a Secret? Banning Noncompetes Does Not Increase Trade Secret Litigation with Brad Greenwood and Bruce Kobayashi. Under Review.

23. Clause and Effect: A Field Experiment on Noncompetes, Knowledge Flows, Job Mobility, and Wages, with Bo Cowgill and Brandon Freiberg

24. Examining Practice Adoption: When Firms Adopt Value Creation and Value Protection Practices, Updated October 2019, with David Kryscysnki. Resting.

25. Association between Restricting Physician Noncompete Agreements and Healthcare Access, Updated November 2019, with Natarajan Balasubramanian, Mariko Sakakibara, and Seethalakshmi Ramanathan. Resting.

Research in Progress:

26. Employment Restrictions, Idea Generation and Entrepreneurship, with Natarajan Balasubramanian, Martin Ganco, Ben King, and Jake Valentine

27. Management and Organizational Practices, Business Dynamism, Employee Sorting, and Entrepreneurship, with Serguey Braguinsky, Seth Carnahan, Joonkyu Choi, Yuheng Ding, Martin Ganco, Florence Honore

Book Chapters and Policy Briefs:

28. Noncompete Clauses: A Policymaker’s Guide through the Key Questions and Evidence, written for the Economic Innovation Group, October 2023.

29. How Do Broad Non-Disclosure Agreements Affect Labor Markets?, with Jason Sockin and Aaron Sojourner. Upjohn Institute, November 30, 2022.

30. Work-From-Anywhere As A Public Policy: Three Lessons from the Tulsa Remote Program, with Raj Choudhury and Thomaz Teodorovicz. Brookings Institute. September 2022.

31. Supporting Market Accountability, Workplace Equity, and Fair Competition by Reining in Non-Disclosure Agreements, with Rachel Arnow-Richman, Gretchen Carlson, Orly Lobel, Julie Roginsky, Jodi Short. Day One Project. January 2022.

32. Tackling the Dual Economic and Public Health Crises Caused by COVID-19 in Baltimore Early Lessons from the Baltimore Health Corps Pilot, with Dylan Roby, Neil Sehgal, Elle Pope, and Melvin Seale. April 2021.

33. Are Noncompetes Holding Down Wages? (ungated) Chapter in Inequality and the Labor Market: The Case for Greater Competition, Brookings Institution Press, Edited by Ben Harris and Sharon Block (expected publication date: early 2021).  Brief initially written for the June 2018 conference "Unrigging the Market: Convening to Restore Competitive Labor Markets" at Harvard Law School.

34. Recent Arguments for Reforming the Law Surrounding Noncompete Agreements, with Mike Lipsitz, Practicing Law Institute Course Handbook on Noncompetes and Restrictive Covenants 2020: What Every Lawyer, Human Resources Professional, and Key Strategic Decisionmaker Should Know, December 2019.

35. The Use, Abuse, and Enforceability of Non-competes and No-Poach Agreements: A Brief Review of the Theory, Evidence, and Recent Reform Efforts, written for the Economic Innovation Group, February 2019

Other Public-Facing Writing:

36. First Evidence on the Use of Training Repayment Agreements in the US Labor Force, Promarket.org, with JJ Prescott and Stewart Schwab. March 27, 2024. 

37. Jobs after Dobbs: How Public Support for Female Employees Both Helped and Hurt Some Employers After Roe v. Wade Was Overturned, Indeed Hiring Lab, with Pawel Adrjan, Svenja Gudell, Emily Nix, Allison Shrivastava, and Jason Sockin. August 9, 2023. 

38. Comment submitted to the Federal Trade Commission regarding the proposed noncompete rule. April 19, 2023

39.  Franchise owners are colluding to suppress Minnesota workers’ wages, Minnesota Reformer, March 2023, with Aaron Sojourner

40.  Companies Say They Need Noncompete Clauses. Here’s How We Know That’s Not True. Slate, with Takuya Hiraiwa, March 2023.

41.  The Ties that Bind Workers to Firms: No-Poach Agreements, Noncompetes, and Other Ways Firms Create and Exercise Labor Market Power. Promarket.org, January 2022 

42.  What happens when states limit nondisclosure agreements? Employees start to dish. Washington Post, with Jason Sockin and Aaron Sojourner, October 4, 2021.

43.  Banning Noncompete Agreements Benefits Low-Wage Workers, Promarket.org with Mike Lipsitz, October 2019.

44.  A new White House proposal targets a hidden culprit holding down Americans' pay, Vox.com, October 2016