Instructors: Sergey Belomestnykh and Wencan Xu, Brookhaven National Laboratory
One-week course at USPAS 2013, Durham, NC
January 14-18, 2013
Purpose and Audience
This one-week graduate level course covers physics and technology application of RF superconductivity and its application to contemporary particle accelerators. The course will address fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting RF (SRF) accelerating structures, phenomena limiting performance of those, beam-cavity interactions issues specific to superconducting cavities, cavity fabrication, preparation and testing, different approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for graduate students pursuing accelerator physics and graduate engineers and physicists who want to familiarize themselves with superconducting RF systems.
Prerequisites
Classical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrodynamics, and physical or engineering mathematics, all at entrance graduate level.
It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that he or she meets the course prerequisites or has equivalent experience.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches enabling them to evaluate and solve problems related to application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, and actively participate in engineering of SRF systems for various accelerators.
Instruction Method
This course includes a series of about 15 lectures during morning and afternoon sessions. In addition, there will be computer lab and exercise sessions. Homework problems will be assigned. Homework will be graded and answers provided in the exercise sessions. There will be a final exam at the conclusion of the course.
Course Content
The course will include a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and transmission lines. This will be followed by in-depth coverage of principles of RF superconductivity. Different types of SRF structures will be introduced. Then it will cover field emission, multipacting and beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators. Following that we will discuss cavity fabrication and preparation techniques, and cavity testing. Finally, we will address issues related to engineering of the SRF systems and components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, higher order mode couplers and loads, and frequency tuners. A brief overview of the most important challenges in RF superconductivity will conclude the course.
Textbook
(to be provided by USPAS) “RF Superconductivity for Accelerators”, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
Reading Requirements
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of
“Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics“ (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
OR
“Classical Electrodynamics” (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999).
Additional suggested reference material (not provided by USPAS):
“Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering”, edited by A. W. Chao and M. Tigner, World Scientific, 3rd print (2006)
“RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications,” by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009).
"Introduction to Wakefields and Wake Potentials" by P. B. Wilson, SLAC-PUB-4547 (1989).
"High Energy Electron Linacs: Application to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders" by P. B. Wilson, SLAC-PUB-2884 (1982).
"Fundamental-Mode RF Design in e+e- Storage Ring Factories" by P. B. Wilson, SLAC-PUB-6062 (1993).
Credit Requirements
Students will be evaluated based on the following performances: final exam (40%), homework assignments and class participation (35%), Computer Lab project (25%).
Computer Lab and Codes
Computer Lab Project
Computer Lab project description
Lecture Notes and Homework Problems
Monday
Lecture 1: Introduction: advantages and limitations of SRF technology
Lecture 2: Fundamentals of RF & microwave engineering
Lecture 3: Basic concepts of RF superconductivity: RF losses and related figures of merits, Q vs. E
Lecture 4: Related phenomena: field emission, multipacting, ponderomotive effects
Tuesday
Lecture 4 - this is the lecture from Monday
Lecture 5: SRF systems: requirements and challenges
Derivation of the RF power formula for a beam loaded cavity can be found in RF_power_with_beam_loading.pdf
Wednesday
Lecture 7: Systems engineering approach to SRF system design: interconnectedness, cost optimization
Lecture 8: Cavity design and optimization
Lecture 9: Cryomodule design
Thursday
Lecture 10: Fundamental power couplers
Lecture 11: HOM dampers
Lecture 12: Frequency tuners
Friday
Lecture 13: Cavity fabrication techniques, preparation and testing
Lecture 14: High-power RF systems
Lecture 15: Overview of remaining challenges
Questions? Send email to Sergey Belomestnykh and/or Wencan Xu.