BU Question Paper-sem-4-gen-2021
BU Question Paper-sem-4-gen-2020
BU Theory Question 2019 / BU Sem 4 Gen Practical Question -2019
PHYH-C IV Waves and Optics
Superposition of Collinear Harmonic Oscillations: Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle. (1) Oscillations having equal frequencies and (2) Oscillations having different frequencies (Beats)
Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous Figures with equal an unequal frequency and their uses. [Notes] [Home Works]
Wave Motion : Transverse waves on a string. Travelling and standing waves on a string. Normal Modes of a string. Group velocity, Phase velocity. Plane waves.Spherical waves, Wave intensity. [Notes] [Home Works]
Fluids:
Surface Tension: Synclastic and anticlastic surface - Excess of pressure – Application to spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles-variation of surface tension with temperature - Jaegar’s method. [notes here]
Viscosity: Viscosity - Rate flow of liquid in a capillary tube - Poiseuille’s formula - Determination of coefficient of viscosity of a liquid - Variations of viscosity of a liquid with temperature lubrication. [notes here]
Physics of low pressure - production and measurement of low pressure- Rotary pump- Diffusion pump - Molecular pump - Knudsen absolute gauge - penning and pirani gauge – Detection of leakage [Notes here - coming soon]
Sound: Simple harmonic motion - forced vibrations and resonance - Fourier’s Theorem - Application to saw tooth wave and square wave - Intensity and loudness of sound - Decibels - Intensity levels - musical notes - musical scale. Acoustics of buildings: Reverberation and time of reverberation - Absorption coefficient - Sabine’s formula – measurement of reverberation time- Acoustic aspects of halls and auditoria.
Wave Optics : Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and Properties of wavefront. Huygens Principle.
Interference : Interference: Division of amplitude and division of wavefront. Young’s Double Slit experiment. Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings: measurement of wavelength and refractive index. [Notes] [Home Work]
Michelson's Interferometer : Idea of form of fringes (no theory needed), Determination of wavelength, Wavelength difference, Refractive index and Visibility of fringes.[Notes]
Diffraction : Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit; Double Slit.Multiple slits & Diffraction grating. Fresnel Diffraction: Half-period zones. Zone plate. Fresnel Diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire using half-period zone analysis [Notes] [Home Work]
Polarization : Transverse nature of light waves. Plane polarized light – production and analysis. Circular and elliptical polarization. [Notes]
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