Phobos siderial rotation period = 0.31891023 Earth solar days.

Deimos siderial rotation period = 1.2624407 Earth solar days.

Data source:- The Astronomical Almanac for 1981 page F2.

Earth Siderial Year and Siderial Day.

Earth length of the siderial year = 365.25636050 Earth solar days.

Length of The Earth Solar day = 24 hours.

Length of The Earth siderial day (ie:- rotation period in relation to the fixed stars) = 0.997269663 Earth Solar days.

Data source:- Movement and Rhythms of The Stars by Joachim Schultz, Published by Floris Books (Anthroposophical Press, 1986, Page 217.

The Moon Siderial and Synodic Periods.

The Moon’s synodic period (New Moon to New Moon) 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.9 seconds = 29.53058912 Earth solar days.

The Moon’s siderial period (fixed star to fixed star) = 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.5 seconds = 27.321660879 Earth solar days.

Data source Schultz, Movement and Rhythms of The Stars, 1986 page 219.

The Planetary Synodic Periods.

The Planetary Synodic Periods (expressed in Earth solar days)

Mercury 115.8774

Venus 583.9205

Mars 779.9382

Jupiter 398.8846

Saturn 378.0928

Uranus 369.66

Neptune 367.48

Pluto 366.72

Data source:- Schultz, Movement and Rhythms of The Stars, 1986, Page 222, Table 4.5

The Sun’s Rotation Period.

The Sun’s siderial rotation period = 24.66225 Earth solar days.

Data source:- The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press, 1998, Page 87, Table 2.4

(Note:- This refers to the rotation of The Sun’s CORE. The rotation period of The Sun’s SURFACE is slightly different – see below)

In that case, The Sun’s synodic (core) rotation period must be 26.44803 Earth solar days.

Mars’ Rotation Period.

Mars’ siderial rotation period = 24 hours, 37 minutes, 22.6 seconds = 1.025956019 Earth solar days.

Data source:- The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Astronomy, Edited by S.Mitton, Published by Jonathan Cape, London, 1979, page 173.

The Sun Synodic Period.

The Sun Synodic (rotation) period = 27.2753 Earth solar days.

Data source:- The Astronomical Almanac for 1981, page L11

This refers to The Sun’s SURFACE rotation period.

In that case, The Sun’s siderial surface rotation period = 25.38006 Earth solar days.

The Moon’s Perigeal and Nodal Periods.

The mean longitude of The Lunar Perigee is 30.156789 degrees plus 0.11140362 degrees per Earth solar day. This gives a value for The Moon’s perigeal period of 3231.492837 Earth solar days (or within a range between 3231.492982 Earth solar days and 3231 492692 Earth solar days)

The mean longitude of the Lunar ascending node is 132.569328 degrees, minus 0.05295383 degrees per Earth solar day. This gives a value for The Moon’s perigeal period of 6798.375113 Earth solar days (or within a range between 6798.374471 Earth solar days and 6798.375755 Earth solar days)

Note the highlighted plus and minus signs, which show that The Moon’s ascending node has retrograde motion, and that The Moon’s perigeal point (or perigee) has prograde motion.

Data source:- The Astronomical Almanac for 1981, page D2.

Satellite Orbital Periods.

Satellite orbital periods (expressed in Earth days) from The Astronomical Almanac for 1981, page F2.

The Two Mars Satellites

Phobos 0.31891023

Deimos 1.2624407

The Four Large Jupiter Satellites.

Io 1.769137786

Europa 3.551181041

Ganymede 7.15455296

Callisto 16.6890184

The Large Saturn Satellites.

Mimas 0.942421813

Enceladus 1.370217855

Tethys 1.887802160

Dione 2.736914742

Rhea 4.517500436

Titan 15.94542068

Hyperion 21.2766088

Iapetus 79.3301825

The Four Large Uranus Satellites

Ariel 2.52037932

Umbriel 4.1441765

Titania 8.7058703

Oberon 13.4632423

and also, Uranus has a satellite, which is very much smaller than the four satellites listed above, but which nevertheless might reasonably be counted as one of Uranus’ large satellites, being much much larger than any of the Uranus satellites, apart from the four listed above. This is Miranda, with an orbital period of 1.4134840

The Four Giant Planet Rotation Periods.

The rotation period of the Four Giant Planets, expressed in Earth days.

Jupiter 0.41354

Saturn 0.44401

Uranus 0.71833

Neptune 0.671252

(However, see further on for a more accurate value for Jupiter).

Data source:- The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Published Oxford University Press, 1998, pages 87 to 90, Table 2.4

(Note:- For technical reasons, which I won’t go into, Saturn’s siderial rotation period has a small degree of uncertainty, and cannot be relied upon as being absolutely accurate.)

The Planetary Orbital Periods.

Orbital periods of the planets, expressed in Earth days.

Mercury 87.9694

Venus 224.695

Mars 686.98 (but see further on for a more accurate value for Mars)

Jupiter 4330.595

Saturn 10727.16

Uranus 30717.682

Neptune 60215.912

Pluto 90803.66

Data source:- The Planetary Scientist’s Companion by Lodders and Fegley, published by Oxford University Press, 1998, pages 87 to 90, Table 2.4

Inner Solar System Planetary Rotation Periods.

Rotation periods, expressed in Earth days.

Mercury 58.6462

Venus 243.0187

Data source The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press, 1998, pages 87 to 90, Table 2.4

Pluto and its Satellites

The rotation periods of Pluto and its three satellites (expressed in Earth days):-

Pluto 6.38723

Charon 6.38723

Nix 24.8562

Hydra 38.2065

Data source:- http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecF/2010/Satellite_orbital_data_2010.txt

Note:- Pluto’s rotation period is not given on this web site. However, elsewhere (in The Planetary scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, OUP, 1998, page 90, Table 2.4) it is given as 6.3872 Earth days; and I am assuming that this value is actually 6.38723 Earth days, because I would expect it to be in perfect “resonance” with its largest satellite Charon.

The Rotation Period of Jupiter.

9 hours, 55 minutes, 29.71 seconds = 0.41353831 Earth days.

Data source:- http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2001/2001GL012917.shtml

The Four Small Jupiter Satellites Orbital/Rotation Periods.

Jupiter has four large satellites. Between these four large satellites and Jupiter itself, there are (just) four small satellites, which have the following orbital/rotation periods (expressed in Earth days):-

Metis 0.294780

Adrastea 0.29826

Amalthea 0.498179

Thebe 0.6745

Data source:- http://www.krysstal.com/solarsys_jupiter.html

The Four Closest (Small) Saturn Satellites.

Saturn’s four closest satellites are very small. Here are their names and orbital/rotation periods, expressed in Earth days:-

Pan 0.5750

Daphnis 0.594

Atlas 0.6019

Prometheus 0.6130

Data source:- http://www.krysstal.com/solarsys_saturn.html

The Four Closest (Small) Uranus Satellites.

Uranus’ four closest satellites are very small. Here are their names and orbital/rotation periods (expressed in Earth days):-

Cordelia 0.335034

Ophelia 0.376400

Bianca 0.434579

Cressida 0.463570

Data source:- http://www.krysstal.com/solarsys_uranus.html

The Neptune Satellites.

Here is a list of Neptune’s close satellites, with their orbital/rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) The only close Neptune satellite of any appreciable size is Triton. The other satellites on this list are very small.

Naiad 0.294396

Thalassa 0.311485

Despina 0.334655

Galatea 0.428745

Larissa 0.554654

Proteus 1.122315

Triton 5.8768441

Data source:- http://www.krysstal.com/solarsys_neptune.html

Mars Orbital Period.

Mars’ orbital period = 686.980 Earth days.

Data source:- http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html

The Planetary Perihelion Periods and Nodal Periods.

Data source:- A Treatise on Astronomy, by Olinthus Gregory, London, 1802, pages 221 and 227.

Secular motion (ie:- motion per century) of the aphelion:-

Mercury 1 degree, 33 minutes, 45 seconds (ie:- perihelion period = 23040.000 years).

Venus 1 degree, 21 minutes, 0 seconds (ie:- perihelion period = 26666.66667 years)

Mars 1 degree, 51 minutes, 40 seconds (ie:- perihelion period = 19343.28358 years).

Jupiter 1 degree, 34 minutes, 33 seconds (ie:-perihelion period = 22845.05553 years).

Saturn 1 degree, 50 minutes, 7 seconds (ie:- perihelion period = 19615.55926 years).

Georgium Sidus (ie:- Uranus 1 degree, 29 minutes, 2 seconds (ie:- perihelion period = 24260.57656 years

Secular motion of the ascending node (ie:- motion per century):-

Mercury 1 degree, 12 minutes, 10 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 29930.71594 years).

Venus 0 degrees, 51 minutes, 40 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 41806.45161 years).

Mars 0 degrees, 46 minutes, 40 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 46285.71429 years).

Jupiter 0 degrees, 59 minutes, 30 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 36302.52101 years).

Saturn 0 degrees, 55 minutes, 30 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 38918.91892 years).

Georgium Sidus (ie:- Uranus) 1 degree, 44 minutes, 35 seconds (ie:- nodal period = 20653.38645 years).